30
pressure
on
ecosystems
Does not draw
the establish
an ecological
limit
Carbon
footprint
(Krey et al.,
2014)
Carbon
emissions
inventory per
economic
activity in kg
CO2/year
Climate change Carbon
accounting
could set limits
on emissions,
thus redefine
the
socioeconomic
growth
Focuses on the
emission
disjointedly
from
other
related
pressures on
ecosystems
The
carbon
footprint is a subcomponent of the
EF which convert
the CO2 emissions
into
required
carbon
uptake
land
The economics
of ecosystems
and biodiversity
(TEEB)
Economic value
of ecosystems
and
biodiversity in
Dollars/year
Resources
depletion
Mostly based
on
financial
assessment.
Some
ecosystems’
value cannot
be
standardized
(cultural
services)
Comparing
economic
growth
and
ecological
benefits could
be applied to
assess
the
natural capital
potential, and
the possible
risk related to
resources loss
TEEB could be
used to provide a
value of the
biocapacity
(estimated by the
EF). It can also
support the EF’
output especially
the
overshoot
concept.
Land
and
Ecosystem
Accounts (LEAC)
(Ivits et al.,
2020)
Provide
an
understanding
of the land use
Land use
Impact
on
ecosystems and
biodiversity
Does
not
define
thresholds
Does
not
consider land
use associated
with trade
Land
use
associated
with
some
sectors such as
industry
is
aggragated
Considers land
use
change
overtime.
Account for
the
maintenance
costs
of
ecosystem
The
monetary
value estimate of
land use and land
use change could
be integrated in
the interpretation
of the EF results,
especially
the
“ecological
deficit”
Environmentally
Weighted
Material
Consumption
(EMC)
(Best et al.,
2008)
Material
consumption
based
on
environmental
impacts. Uses
LCA’s impact
factors
human-health
and
ecotoxicity, ozone
depletion,
eutrophication,
and
acidification
Estimate
of
material flow
could
be
subjective, as
LCA’ outputs
differs
and
depend on the
study
boundaries
and input data
The use of
mass in “kg” is
easy
to
understand.
Covers a large
number of LCA
impact
categories
The EMC data
overlap with the
EF
underlying
data, as material
flow is the basis of
EF accounting.
EMC and EF can
be applied at
various levels
1.4. Ecological footprint and biocapacity assessment
1.4.1. Core equation
The EF calculation algorithm is based on a conversion equation (equation 3) that defines for
each product consumed (or waste generated) an equivalent production area (or absorption
pressure
on
ecosystems
Does not draw
the establish
an ecological
limit
Carbon
footprint
(Krey et al.,
2014)
Carbon
emissions
inventory per
economic
activity in kg
CO2/year
Climate change Carbon
accounting
could set limits
on emissions,
thus redefine
the
socioeconomic
growth
Focuses on the
emission
disjointedly
from
other
related
pressures on
ecosystems
The
carbon
footprint is a subcomponent of the
EF which convert
the CO2 emissions
into
required
carbon
uptake
land
The economics
of ecosystems
and biodiversity
(TEEB)
Economic value
of ecosystems
and
biodiversity in
Dollars/year
Resources
depletion
Mostly based
on
financial
assessment.
Some
ecosystems’
value cannot
be
standardized
(cultural
services)
Comparing
economic
growth
and
ecological
benefits could
be applied to
assess
the
natural capital
potential, and
the possible
risk related to
resources loss
TEEB could be
used to provide a
value of the
biocapacity
(estimated by the
EF). It can also
support the EF’
output especially
the
overshoot
concept.
Land
and
Ecosystem
Accounts (LEAC)
(Ivits et al.,
2020)
Provide
an
understanding
of the land use
Land use
Impact
on
ecosystems and
biodiversity
Does
not
define
thresholds
Does
not
consider land
use associated
with trade
Land
use
associated
with
some
sectors such as
industry
is
aggragated
Considers land
use
change
overtime.
Account for
the
maintenance
costs
of
ecosystem
The
monetary
value estimate of
land use and land
use change could
be integrated in
the interpretation
of the EF results,
especially
the
“ecological
deficit”
Environmentally
Weighted
Material
Consumption
(EMC)
(Best et al.,
2008)
Material
consumption
based
on
environmental
impacts. Uses
LCA’s impact
factors
human-health
and
ecotoxicity, ozone
depletion,
eutrophication,
and
acidification
Estimate
of
material flow
could
be
subjective, as
LCA’ outputs
differs
and
depend on the
study
boundaries
and input data
The use of
mass in “kg” is
easy
to
understand.
Covers a large
number of LCA
impact
categories
The EMC data
overlap with the
EF
underlying
data, as material
flow is the basis of
EF accounting.
EMC and EF can
be applied at
various levels
1.4. Ecological footprint and biocapacity assessment
1.4.1. Core equation
The EF calculation algorithm is based on a conversion equation (equation 3) that defines for
each product consumed (or waste generated) an equivalent production area (or absorption