Asia
Leyte island, Philippine
rice agriculture
2010
Diss
[22]
Rivers passsing through
large Vietnamese cities
2011–
2012
WS
x–4,390
[23]
Beijing GuanTin Reservoir, China
2003–
2004
Diss
nd–1.89
nd–6.28
[24]
Urban stream, Guangzhou,
China
Diss
0.28
Æ 0.25
a
0.52
Æ 0.59
a
3.7
Æ 3.1
a
5.0
Æ 3.3
a
[25]
Urban stream, Guangzhou,
China
P
0.84
Æ 0.48
a
4.3
Æ 4.4
a
9.0
Æ 7.2
a
20.0
Æ 14.5
a
[25]
Chenab River, Pakistan
Diss
nd–92
nd–103
nd–97
nd–108
[26]
Europe
Rivers in the Humber
catchment, UK
1996–
1997
P
n d
–3,500
[27]
Ebro River delta, Spain
2008–
2009
Diss
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
0.73–57.2
nd
2–58.8
[28]
Ebro River delta, Spain
2008
Diss
5–30
[29]
Valencia paddy
field, surface water and groundwater, Spain
Diss
[30]
Streams, Central Germany
2009
Diss
nd–55
nd–86
nd
[31]
Streams, Central Germany
2009
P
nd–88
nd–180
nd
[31]
Seawater
Estuarine catchment sites,
NE Australia
2016–
2017
WS?
nd–
20.6 mg L
À1
nd
nd
[32]
NW Portugal Coast
2016–
2017
Diss
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd–31
nd
nd
[33]
South African estuary
2002–
2003
P
0.33–2.78
0.03–0.79
[34]
Pearl River estuary, urban
creek at Guanzhou, China
–
Diss
0.3
Æ 0.3
0.5
Æ 0.6
4
Æ 3
5
Æ 3
[ 25]
Pearl River estuary, urban
creek at Guanzhou, China
–
P
0.8
Æ 0.6
4
Æ 4
9
Æ 7
2 0
Æ 14
[25]
(continued)
Fate of Pyrethroids in Freshwater and Marine Environments
85