<0.01%, benzamidoacetic
acid
<0.01%, DCCA
dimethylcyclopropane-1carboxylate
<0.01%,
cypermethrin
<0.01%
Indirect competitive ELISA
3PBA
0.001
Dilution (50fold)
Primary: pAb
(rabbit)
Secondary:
GAR-HRP
3PBA-BSA
FPBA 72%, PBAG 0%,
FPBA-glycine 0%,
3PBAlc 0%,
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
0%, permethrin 0%,
cypermethrin 0%,
esfenvalerate 0%,
deltamethrin 0%,
cyfluthrin 0%
UV-VIS
(450–650 nm)
>86
1.65
(urine)
LOQ: 0.1
(urine)
[44]
Indirect competitive ELISA
3PBA
0.5
Mixed-mode
SPE
(C8 + SAX)
Primary: pAb
(rabbit)
Secondary:
GAR-HRP
3PBA-BSA
4OH3PBA 103%, 3phenoxybenzaldehyde 75%,
FPBA 72%
UV-VIS
(450 nm)
87.3–98
15.3
(urine)
LOQ: 2.5
(urine)
[45]
Other methods
Optical sensing
3PBA
0.05
Dilution with
water (50fold)
Optical sensors: Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots anchored to
molecularly imprinted polymer
Fluorometric
(330/590 nm)
80.18–
90.02
LOQ: 25.0
f
(urine)
[51]
Abbreviations: BSA
bovine serum albumin, DCCA
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, DCM
dichloromethane, DL
detection limit, ELISA
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, EtAc
ethyl acetate, FPBA
4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, F3PBAG
fluorescin-labeled glycine conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, GAR-HRP
goat antirabbit IgGhorseradish peroxidase conjugate, Hex
n-hexane, IC10, 20, 50
inhibition of 10, 20, or 50% by the analyte, IgG
immunoglobulin G, LLE
liquid-liquid extraction, LOD
limit of detection, LOQ
limit
of quantification, MAb-HRP
mouse anti-M13 phage monoclonal antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, Nb-AP
nanobody-alkaline phosphatase, NA
not applicable, NR
not reported,
4OH3PBA
4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, pAb
polyclonal antibody, 3PBA
3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3PBAG
glycine conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3PBAlc
3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol,
3PBAlc-Gluc
3-Phenoxylbenzyl
β-D-Glucuronide, PBS
phosphate buffer saline, PCR
polymerase chain reaction, PELISA
isolated phage-VHH ELISA, PHAIA
phage anti-immunocomplex assay,
SAX
strong anion exchange, SC50
50% of a saturating concentration, sFAG
glycine conjugate of S-fenvalerate acid, SPE
solid phase extraction, VELISA
soluble VHH ELISA, VHH
single domain
antibody
a
Relative to analyte (100%)
b
Hapten 5—N-(cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-amino-L-phenylalanine
c
Cross-reactivities of cis/trans-DCCA-glycine
mixtures were omitted. All values relative to trans-DCCA-glycine
d
Cross-reactivities of other compounds (3PBAG, 3PBAlc, permethrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin) were described as
‘negligible’
e
Hapten 3—3-[Cyano[(S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutanoxy]methyl]phenoxyacetic acid
f
Calculated from molar concentration
Analytical Methods for Determination Urinary Metabolites of Synthetic. . .
75
acid
<0.01%, DCCA
dimethylcyclopropane-1carboxylate
<0.01%,
cypermethrin
<0.01%
Indirect competitive ELISA
3PBA
0.001
Dilution (50fold)
Primary: pAb
(rabbit)
Secondary:
GAR-HRP
3PBA-BSA
FPBA 72%, PBAG 0%,
FPBA-glycine 0%,
3PBAlc 0%,
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
0%, permethrin 0%,
cypermethrin 0%,
esfenvalerate 0%,
deltamethrin 0%,
cyfluthrin 0%
UV-VIS
(450–650 nm)
>86
1.65
(urine)
LOQ: 0.1
(urine)
[44]
Indirect competitive ELISA
3PBA
0.5
Mixed-mode
SPE
(C8 + SAX)
Primary: pAb
(rabbit)
Secondary:
GAR-HRP
3PBA-BSA
4OH3PBA 103%, 3phenoxybenzaldehyde 75%,
FPBA 72%
UV-VIS
(450 nm)
87.3–98
15.3
(urine)
LOQ: 2.5
(urine)
[45]
Other methods
Optical sensing
3PBA
0.05
Dilution with
water (50fold)
Optical sensors: Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots anchored to
molecularly imprinted polymer
Fluorometric
(330/590 nm)
80.18–
90.02
LOQ: 25.0
f
(urine)
[51]
Abbreviations: BSA
bovine serum albumin, DCCA
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, DCM
dichloromethane, DL
detection limit, ELISA
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, EtAc
ethyl acetate, FPBA
4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, F3PBAG
fluorescin-labeled glycine conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, GAR-HRP
goat antirabbit IgGhorseradish peroxidase conjugate, Hex
n-hexane, IC10, 20, 50
inhibition of 10, 20, or 50% by the analyte, IgG
immunoglobulin G, LLE
liquid-liquid extraction, LOD
limit of detection, LOQ
limit
of quantification, MAb-HRP
mouse anti-M13 phage monoclonal antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, Nb-AP
nanobody-alkaline phosphatase, NA
not applicable, NR
not reported,
4OH3PBA
4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, pAb
polyclonal antibody, 3PBA
3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3PBAG
glycine conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3PBAlc
3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol,
3PBAlc-Gluc
3-Phenoxylbenzyl
β-D-Glucuronide, PBS
phosphate buffer saline, PCR
polymerase chain reaction, PELISA
isolated phage-VHH ELISA, PHAIA
phage anti-immunocomplex assay,
SAX
strong anion exchange, SC50
50% of a saturating concentration, sFAG
glycine conjugate of S-fenvalerate acid, SPE
solid phase extraction, VELISA
soluble VHH ELISA, VHH
single domain
antibody
a
Relative to analyte (100%)
b
Hapten 5—N-(cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)-4-amino-L-phenylalanine
c
Cross-reactivities of cis/trans-DCCA-glycine
mixtures were omitted. All values relative to trans-DCCA-glycine
d
Cross-reactivities of other compounds (3PBAG, 3PBAlc, permethrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin) were described as
‘negligible’
e
Hapten 3—3-[Cyano[(S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutanoxy]methyl]phenoxyacetic acid
f
Calculated from molar concentration
Analytical Methods for Determination Urinary Metabolites of Synthetic. . .
75