cis-DCCA
(nd;
10); DF, nd
trans-DCCA
(nd;
10); DF, nd
3PBA (nd; 5); DF,
nd
4F3PBA (nd; 5);
DF, nd
V: 0.5 mL
H: none reported
E: online TurboFlow™
C: no
I: UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS
Online SPE:
• Raw urine
filtration through a 0.2
μm
nylon
filter
• 0.5 mL of sample was injected onto
the online extraction procedure
• Population: women and men living near
the agricultural areas of Almeria (n
¼ 37),
Spain
[37]
cis-DCCA
(nd;
3.2); DF, nd
trans-DCCA
(nd;
3.2); DF, nd
DBCA (nd, 10);
DF, nd
3PBA (nd; 10);
DF, 10%
4F3PBA (nd; 2);
DF, nd
V: 5 mL
H: enzymatic
E: QuEChERS EN
C: no
I: UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS
QuEChERS:
• 10 mL of acetonitrile
• Pouch of QuEChERS EN extraction
salt packet
• Evaporation to dryness under a
stream of nitrogen
• Dissolution
• Analysis
• Population: children from Valencia
Region (n
¼ 20), Spain
[19]
cis-DCCA
(nd;
0.4); DF, 10%
trans-DCCA
(nd;
0.4); DF, 26%
DBCA (nd, 0.8);
DF, 23%
3PBA (nd; 0.8);
DF, 23%
4F3PBA (nd; 0.2);
DF, 0%
V: 5 mL
H: enzymatic
E: SPE, (Strata-X, 500 mg/3 mL,
Phenomenex)
C: no
I: LC–MS/MS
Generic method to Olsson et al. [30]
• Population: children from Valencia
Region (n
¼ 125), Spain
[34]
Analytical Methods for Determination Urinary Metabolites of Synthetic. . .
71