not necessarily representative for the CAGs, i.e., an effect observed at higher dose
levels may be the specific effect relevant for grouping.
Risk assessment should consider vulnerability factors such as genetics, lifestyle,
differential exposure to pesticides (including diet and distance from place of application), manufacturing processes, and recovering capacity. Moreover, food products
are exposed to a myriad of pesticides and chemicals, not only to pyrethroids. For that
reason, a more complete analysis employing the mixture risk assessment (MRA)
approach is necessary. Even though there might be a consensus regarding cumulative risks and exposure to pesticides, the pathway to the formulation of an adequate
regulation is still vague.
6 Uncertainties Associated with Exposure Assessment
Dietary exposure assessment methods are strongly affected by scientific uncertainties related to the sampling procedure which should be taken into account
when interpreting the results, for example, duration of exposure, sampling sites,
body weight, concentration of pyrethroid in food samples and uncertainty of the
analytical techniques utilized, whether a food item or a food group has been
sampled, and food processing levels. Moreover, specific characteristics of the
population, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, age, kidney or liver disorders, and
hypersensibility to pesticides, are extremely important and should be carefully
considered when deciding on a sampling procedure [12].
7 Perspectives
Future research efforts on the assessment of the risks related with the exposure to
pesticides should focus on the analysis of total cumulative intake, considering the
specifics of different population groups. The constitution of a dependable database
on pesticide residues in food, water, and air is crucial to the human health and
environment risk assessment. Through dietary habits, the entryway of pesticide
residues into the human body, we are exposed to multiple harmful chemical substances. It is imperative that a thorough cumulative risk assessment of mixtures of
pesticides is performed, providing reliable data.
References
1. Saillenfait A-M, Ndiaye D, Sabaté J-P (2015) Pyrethroids: exposure and health effects – an
update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218(3):281–292. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti
cle/pii/S1438463915000048
Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Pyrethroids Through Food
255
levels may be the specific effect relevant for grouping.
Risk assessment should consider vulnerability factors such as genetics, lifestyle,
differential exposure to pesticides (including diet and distance from place of application), manufacturing processes, and recovering capacity. Moreover, food products
are exposed to a myriad of pesticides and chemicals, not only to pyrethroids. For that
reason, a more complete analysis employing the mixture risk assessment (MRA)
approach is necessary. Even though there might be a consensus regarding cumulative risks and exposure to pesticides, the pathway to the formulation of an adequate
regulation is still vague.
6 Uncertainties Associated with Exposure Assessment
Dietary exposure assessment methods are strongly affected by scientific uncertainties related to the sampling procedure which should be taken into account
when interpreting the results, for example, duration of exposure, sampling sites,
body weight, concentration of pyrethroid in food samples and uncertainty of the
analytical techniques utilized, whether a food item or a food group has been
sampled, and food processing levels. Moreover, specific characteristics of the
population, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, age, kidney or liver disorders, and
hypersensibility to pesticides, are extremely important and should be carefully
considered when deciding on a sampling procedure [12].
7 Perspectives
Future research efforts on the assessment of the risks related with the exposure to
pesticides should focus on the analysis of total cumulative intake, considering the
specifics of different population groups. The constitution of a dependable database
on pesticide residues in food, water, and air is crucial to the human health and
environment risk assessment. Through dietary habits, the entryway of pesticide
residues into the human body, we are exposed to multiple harmful chemical substances. It is imperative that a thorough cumulative risk assessment of mixtures of
pesticides is performed, providing reliable data.
References
1. Saillenfait A-M, Ndiaye D, Sabaté J-P (2015) Pyrethroids: exposure and health effects – an
update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218(3):281–292. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti
cle/pii/S1438463915000048
Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Pyrethroids Through Food
255