32. Nakagawa LE, do Nascimento CM, Costa AR, Polatto R, Papini S (2019) Persistence of indoor
permethrin and estimation of dermal and non-dietary exposure. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-019-0132-7
33. Weschler CJ, Nazaroff WW (2008) Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments.
Atmos Environ 42:9018–9040
34. Quirós-Alcalá L, Bradman A, Nishioka M, Harnly ME, Hubbard A, McKone TE et al (2011)
Pesticides in house dust from urban and farmworker households in California: an observational
measurement study. Environ Health 10:19
35. Blanchard O et al (2014) Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air and settled dust in
30 French dwellings. Environ Sci Technol 48(7):3959–3969
36. Morgan MK et al (2007) An observational study of 127 preschool children at their homes and
daycare centers in Ohio: environmental pathways to cis- and trans-permethrin exposure.
Environ Res 104(2):266–274
37. Bradman A, Whitaker D, Quiros L, Castorina R, Claus Henn B, Nishioka M et al (2007)
Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the
Salinas Valley, CA. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17:331–349
38. Morgan MK, Wilson NK, Chuang JC (2014) Exposures of 129 preschool children to organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and acid herbicides at their homes and daycares in
North Carolina. Int J Environ Res Public Health 11(4):3743–3764
39. Tulve NS, Egeghy PP, Fortmann RC, Whitaker DA, Nishioka MG, Naeher LP et al (2008)
Multimedia measurements and activity patterns in an observational pilot study of nine young
children. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18:31–44
40. Ramesh A, Vijayalakshmi A (2001) Monitoring of allethrin, deltamethrin, esbiothrin,
prallethrin and transfluthrin in air during the use of household mosquito repellents. J Environ
Monit 3(2):191–193
41. Nazimek T et al (2001) Content of transfluthrin in indoor air during the use of electrovaporizers. Ann Agric Environ Med 18(1):85–88
42. Yoshida T (2009) Simultaneous determination of 18 pyrethroids in indoor air by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216(26):5069–5076
43. Leng G et al (2005) Pyrethroids used indoor-ambient monitoring of pyrethroids following a pest
control operation. Int J Hyg Environ Health 208(3):193–199
44. Pentamwa P, Kanaratanadilok N, Oanh NT (2011) Indoor pesticide application practices and
levels in homes of Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Environ Monit Assess 181(1-4):363–372
45. Whyatt RM et al (2007) Within- and between-home variability in indoor-air insecticide levels
during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort from New York City. Environ Health Perspect
115(3):383–389
46. Vesin A et al (2013) Transfluthrin indoor air concentration and inhalation exposure during
application of electric vaporizers. Environ Int 60:1–6
47. Morgan MK (2012) Children’s exposures to pyrethroid insecticides at home: a review of data
collected in published exposure measurement studies conducted in the United States. Int J
Environ Res Public Health 9:2964–2985
48. Saillenfait A-M, Ndiaye D, Sabaté J-P (2015) Pyrethroids: exposure and health effects – an
update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:281–292
49. Koureas M et al (2012) Systematic review of biomonitoring studies to determine the association
between exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides and human health outcomes. Toxicol Lett 210(2):155–168
50. Zartarian V, Xue J, Glen G, Smith L, Tulve N, Tornero-Velez R (2012) Quantifying children’s
aggregate (dietary and residential) exposure and dose to permethrin: application and evaluation
of EPA’s probabilistic SHEDS-multimedia model. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 22
(3):267–273
51. Zhou J, Mainelis G, Weisel CP (2019) Pyrethroid levels in toddlers’ breathing zone following a
simulated indoor pesticide spray. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 29:389–396
242
C. P. Weisel
permethrin and estimation of dermal and non-dietary exposure. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-019-0132-7
33. Weschler CJ, Nazaroff WW (2008) Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments.
Atmos Environ 42:9018–9040
34. Quirós-Alcalá L, Bradman A, Nishioka M, Harnly ME, Hubbard A, McKone TE et al (2011)
Pesticides in house dust from urban and farmworker households in California: an observational
measurement study. Environ Health 10:19
35. Blanchard O et al (2014) Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air and settled dust in
30 French dwellings. Environ Sci Technol 48(7):3959–3969
36. Morgan MK et al (2007) An observational study of 127 preschool children at their homes and
daycare centers in Ohio: environmental pathways to cis- and trans-permethrin exposure.
Environ Res 104(2):266–274
37. Bradman A, Whitaker D, Quiros L, Castorina R, Claus Henn B, Nishioka M et al (2007)
Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the
Salinas Valley, CA. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17:331–349
38. Morgan MK, Wilson NK, Chuang JC (2014) Exposures of 129 preschool children to organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and acid herbicides at their homes and daycares in
North Carolina. Int J Environ Res Public Health 11(4):3743–3764
39. Tulve NS, Egeghy PP, Fortmann RC, Whitaker DA, Nishioka MG, Naeher LP et al (2008)
Multimedia measurements and activity patterns in an observational pilot study of nine young
children. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18:31–44
40. Ramesh A, Vijayalakshmi A (2001) Monitoring of allethrin, deltamethrin, esbiothrin,
prallethrin and transfluthrin in air during the use of household mosquito repellents. J Environ
Monit 3(2):191–193
41. Nazimek T et al (2001) Content of transfluthrin in indoor air during the use of electrovaporizers. Ann Agric Environ Med 18(1):85–88
42. Yoshida T (2009) Simultaneous determination of 18 pyrethroids in indoor air by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216(26):5069–5076
43. Leng G et al (2005) Pyrethroids used indoor-ambient monitoring of pyrethroids following a pest
control operation. Int J Hyg Environ Health 208(3):193–199
44. Pentamwa P, Kanaratanadilok N, Oanh NT (2011) Indoor pesticide application practices and
levels in homes of Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Environ Monit Assess 181(1-4):363–372
45. Whyatt RM et al (2007) Within- and between-home variability in indoor-air insecticide levels
during pregnancy among an inner-city cohort from New York City. Environ Health Perspect
115(3):383–389
46. Vesin A et al (2013) Transfluthrin indoor air concentration and inhalation exposure during
application of electric vaporizers. Environ Int 60:1–6
47. Morgan MK (2012) Children’s exposures to pyrethroid insecticides at home: a review of data
collected in published exposure measurement studies conducted in the United States. Int J
Environ Res Public Health 9:2964–2985
48. Saillenfait A-M, Ndiaye D, Sabaté J-P (2015) Pyrethroids: exposure and health effects – an
update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:281–292
49. Koureas M et al (2012) Systematic review of biomonitoring studies to determine the association
between exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides and human health outcomes. Toxicol Lett 210(2):155–168
50. Zartarian V, Xue J, Glen G, Smith L, Tulve N, Tornero-Velez R (2012) Quantifying children’s
aggregate (dietary and residential) exposure and dose to permethrin: application and evaluation
of EPA’s probabilistic SHEDS-multimedia model. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 22
(3):267–273
51. Zhou J, Mainelis G, Weisel CP (2019) Pyrethroid levels in toddlers’ breathing zone following a
simulated indoor pesticide spray. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 29:389–396
242
C. P. Weisel