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69. Lohmann R, Muir D (2010) Global Aquatic Passive Sampling (AQUA–GAPS): using passive
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70. Lohmann R, Muir DCG, Zeng EY, Bao L-J, Allan IJ, Arinaitwe K, Booij K, Helm PA,
Kaserzon SL, Mueller JF, Shibata Y, Smedes F, Tsapakis M, Wong CS, You J (2017) Aquatic
Global Passive Sampling (AQUA-GAPS) revisited: first steps toward a network of networks
for monitoring organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol
51(3):1060–1067. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05159
71. Jonker MTO, van der Heijden SA, Kotte M, Smedes F (2015) Quantifying the effects of
temperature and salinity on partitioning of hydrophobic organic chemicals to silicone rubber
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5b00286
72. St. George T, Vlahos P, Harner T, Helm P, Wilford B (2011) A rapidly equilibrating, thin film,
passive water sampler for organic contaminants; characterization and field testing. Environ
Pollut 159:481–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.030
73. Tucca F, Moya H, Barra R (2014) Ethylene vinyl acetate polymer as a tool for passive sampling
monitoring of hydrophobic chemicals in the salmon farm industry. Mar Pollut Bull
88(1–2):174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.009
74. Warren JK, Vlahos P, Smith R, Tobias C (2018) Investigation of a new passive sampler for
the detection of munitions compounds in marine and freshwater systems. Environ Toxicol
Chem 37(7):1990–1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4143
202
F. Tucca and R. Barra
containing model lipid: a new approach to monitoring the bioavailability of lipophilic contaminants and estimating their bioconcentration potential. Chemosphere 20(5):533–552. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0045-6535(90)90110-F
60. Vrana B, Allan IJ, Greenwood R, Mills GA, Dominiak E, Svensson K, Knutsson J, Morrison G,
Greenwood R (2005) Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water. Trends
Anal Chem 24(10):845–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2005.06.006
61. Sacks VP, Lohmann R (2011) Development and use of polyethylene passive samplers to detect
triclosans and alkylphenols in an urban estuary. Environ Sci Technol 45(6):2270–2277. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es1040865
62. Ahrens L, Daneshvar A, Lau AE, Kreuger J (2015) Characterization of five passive sampling
devices for monitoring of pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A 1405:1–11. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.chroma.2015.05.044
63. Golding CJ, Gobas FAPC, Birch GF (2007) Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioavailability in estuarine sediments using thin-film extraction. Environ Toxicol Chem
26(5):829–836. https://doi.org/10.1897/06-378R.1
64. Xu C, Wang J, Richards J, Xu T, Liu W, Gan J (2018) Development of film-based passive
samplers for in situ monitoring of trace levels of pyrethroids in sediment. Environ Pollut
242:1684–1692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.105
65. Shoeib M, Harner T (2002) Characterization and comparison of three passive air samplers for
persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 36(19):4142–4151. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es020635t
66. Harner T, Farrar NJ, Shoeib M, Jones KC, Gobas FAPC (2003) Characterization of polymercoated glass as a passive air sampler for persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol
37(11):2486–2493. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0209215
67. Pozo K, Oyola G, Estellano VH, Harner T, Rudolph A, Prybilova P, Kukucka P, Audi O,
Klánová J, Metzdorff A, Focardi S (2017) Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere of three Chilean cities using passive air samplers. Sci Total Environ 586:107–114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.054
68. Lai FY, Rauert C, Gobelius L, Ahrens L (2018) A critical review on passive sampling in air and
water for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Trends Anal Chem 121:115311. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.009
69. Lohmann R, Muir D (2010) Global Aquatic Passive Sampling (AQUA–GAPS): using passive
samplers to monitor POPs in the water of the world. Environ Sci Technol 44(3):860–864.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es902379g
70. Lohmann R, Muir DCG, Zeng EY, Bao L-J, Allan IJ, Arinaitwe K, Booij K, Helm PA,
Kaserzon SL, Mueller JF, Shibata Y, Smedes F, Tsapakis M, Wong CS, You J (2017) Aquatic
Global Passive Sampling (AQUA-GAPS) revisited: first steps toward a network of networks
for monitoring organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Environ Sci Technol
51(3):1060–1067. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05159
71. Jonker MTO, van der Heijden SA, Kotte M, Smedes F (2015) Quantifying the effects of
temperature and salinity on partitioning of hydrophobic organic chemicals to silicone rubber
passive samplers. Environ Sci Technol 49(11):6791–6799. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.
5b00286
72. St. George T, Vlahos P, Harner T, Helm P, Wilford B (2011) A rapidly equilibrating, thin film,
passive water sampler for organic contaminants; characterization and field testing. Environ
Pollut 159:481–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.030
73. Tucca F, Moya H, Barra R (2014) Ethylene vinyl acetate polymer as a tool for passive sampling
monitoring of hydrophobic chemicals in the salmon farm industry. Mar Pollut Bull
88(1–2):174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.009
74. Warren JK, Vlahos P, Smith R, Tobias C (2018) Investigation of a new passive sampler for
the detection of munitions compounds in marine and freshwater systems. Environ Toxicol
Chem 37(7):1990–1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4143
202
F. Tucca and R. Barra