26. Agusti C, Bravo S, Contreras G, Bakke MJ, Helgesen KO, Winkler C, Silva MT, Mendoza J,
Horsberg TE (2016) Sensitivity assessment of Caligus rogercresseyi to anti-louse chemicals in
relation to treatment efficacy in Chilean salmonid farms. Aquaculture 458:195–205. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.03.006
27. Arriagada G, Stryhn H, Campistó JL, Rees EE, Sanchez J, Ibarra R, Medina M, St-Hilaire S
(2014) Evaluation of the performance of pyrethroids on different life stages of Caligus
rogercresseyi in southern Chile. Aquaculture 426–427:231–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua
culture.2014.02.007
28. Arriagada G, Stryhn H, Sanchez J, Vanderstichel R, Campistó JL, Rees EE, Ibarra R et al (2017)
Evaluating the effect of synchronized sea lice treatments in Chile. Prev Vet Med 136:1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.011
29. Langford KH, Øxnevad S, Schøyen M, Thomas KV (2014) Do Antiparasitic medicines used
in aquaculture pose a risk to the Norwegian aquatic environment? Environ Sci Technol
48:7774–7780. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5005329
30. Lillicrap A, Macken A, Thomas KV (2015) Recommendations for the inclusion of targeted
testing to improve the regulatory environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicines used in
aquaculture. Environ Int 85:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.019
31. SERNAPESCA (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura) (2017) Productos antiparasitarios
para el control de caligidosis en salmonideos con registro del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero
(SAG) (August 2017). Ministry of Economy, Chile (Spanish Report) http://ww2.sernapesca.cl/
index.php?option¼com_remository&Itemid¼246&func¼fileinfo&id¼7262. Accessed 20 Apr
2019
32. Soderlund DM, Clark JM, Sheets LP, Mullin LS, Piccirillo VJ, Sargent D, Stevens JT,
Weiner ML (2002) Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk
assessment. Toxicology 171(1):3–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00569-8
33. Ensley SM (2018) Pyrethrins and pyrethroids. In: Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical
principles, 3rd edn. Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, pp 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12811410-0.00039-8
34. Ernst W, Jackman P, Doe K, Page F, Julien G, Mackay K, Sutherland T (2001) Dispersion and
toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms of pesticides used to treat sea lice on salmon in net pen
enclosures. Mar Pollut Bull 42:432–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00177-6
35. Ernst W, Doe K, Cook A, Burridge L, Lalonde B, Jackman P, Aubé JG, Page F (2014)
Dispersion and toxicity to non-target crustaceans of azamethiphos and deltamethrin after sea
lice treatments on farmed salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 424–425:104–112. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.017
36. Bacci E (1994) Ecotoxicology of organic contaminants, 1st edn. Lewis, Boca Raton, p 165
37. Mackay D (1979) Finding fugacity feasible. Environ Sci Technol 13(10):1218–1223. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es60158a003
38. Mackay D, Paterson S (1991) Evaluating the multimedia fate of organic chemicals: a level III
fugacity model. Environ Sci Technol 25(3):427–436. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00015a008
39. Mackay D (2001) Multimedia environmental models: the fugacity approach. Lewis, Chelsea,
p 273
40. MacLeod M, Scheringer M, Mckone ET, Hungerbühler K (2010) The state of multimedia
mass–balance modeling in environmental science and decision-making. Environ Sci Technol
44(22):8360–8364. https://doi.org/10.1021/es100968w
41. Buser AM, MacLeod M, Scheringer M, Mackay D, Bonnell M, Russell MH, DePinto JV,
Hungerbühler K (2012) Good modeling practice guidelines for applying multimedia models in
chemical assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 8(4):703–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/
ieam.1299
42. Su C, Zhang H, Cridge C, Liang R (2019) A review of multimedia transport and fate models for
chemicals: principles, features and applicability. Sci Total Environ 668:881–892. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.456
200
F. Tucca and R. Barra
Horsberg TE (2016) Sensitivity assessment of Caligus rogercresseyi to anti-louse chemicals in
relation to treatment efficacy in Chilean salmonid farms. Aquaculture 458:195–205. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.03.006
27. Arriagada G, Stryhn H, Campistó JL, Rees EE, Sanchez J, Ibarra R, Medina M, St-Hilaire S
(2014) Evaluation of the performance of pyrethroids on different life stages of Caligus
rogercresseyi in southern Chile. Aquaculture 426–427:231–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua
culture.2014.02.007
28. Arriagada G, Stryhn H, Sanchez J, Vanderstichel R, Campistó JL, Rees EE, Ibarra R et al (2017)
Evaluating the effect of synchronized sea lice treatments in Chile. Prev Vet Med 136:1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.011
29. Langford KH, Øxnevad S, Schøyen M, Thomas KV (2014) Do Antiparasitic medicines used
in aquaculture pose a risk to the Norwegian aquatic environment? Environ Sci Technol
48:7774–7780. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5005329
30. Lillicrap A, Macken A, Thomas KV (2015) Recommendations for the inclusion of targeted
testing to improve the regulatory environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicines used in
aquaculture. Environ Int 85:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.019
31. SERNAPESCA (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura) (2017) Productos antiparasitarios
para el control de caligidosis en salmonideos con registro del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero
(SAG) (August 2017). Ministry of Economy, Chile (Spanish Report) http://ww2.sernapesca.cl/
index.php?option¼com_remository&Itemid¼246&func¼fileinfo&id¼7262. Accessed 20 Apr
2019
32. Soderlund DM, Clark JM, Sheets LP, Mullin LS, Piccirillo VJ, Sargent D, Stevens JT,
Weiner ML (2002) Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk
assessment. Toxicology 171(1):3–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00569-8
33. Ensley SM (2018) Pyrethrins and pyrethroids. In: Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical
principles, 3rd edn. Elsevier BV, Amsterdam, pp 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12811410-0.00039-8
34. Ernst W, Jackman P, Doe K, Page F, Julien G, Mackay K, Sutherland T (2001) Dispersion and
toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms of pesticides used to treat sea lice on salmon in net pen
enclosures. Mar Pollut Bull 42:432–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00177-6
35. Ernst W, Doe K, Cook A, Burridge L, Lalonde B, Jackman P, Aubé JG, Page F (2014)
Dispersion and toxicity to non-target crustaceans of azamethiphos and deltamethrin after sea
lice treatments on farmed salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 424–425:104–112. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.017
36. Bacci E (1994) Ecotoxicology of organic contaminants, 1st edn. Lewis, Boca Raton, p 165
37. Mackay D (1979) Finding fugacity feasible. Environ Sci Technol 13(10):1218–1223. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es60158a003
38. Mackay D, Paterson S (1991) Evaluating the multimedia fate of organic chemicals: a level III
fugacity model. Environ Sci Technol 25(3):427–436. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00015a008
39. Mackay D (2001) Multimedia environmental models: the fugacity approach. Lewis, Chelsea,
p 273
40. MacLeod M, Scheringer M, Mckone ET, Hungerbühler K (2010) The state of multimedia
mass–balance modeling in environmental science and decision-making. Environ Sci Technol
44(22):8360–8364. https://doi.org/10.1021/es100968w
41. Buser AM, MacLeod M, Scheringer M, Mackay D, Bonnell M, Russell MH, DePinto JV,
Hungerbühler K (2012) Good modeling practice guidelines for applying multimedia models in
chemical assessments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 8(4):703–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/
ieam.1299
42. Su C, Zhang H, Cridge C, Liang R (2019) A review of multimedia transport and fate models for
chemicals: principles, features and applicability. Sci Total Environ 668:881–892. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.456
200
F. Tucca and R. Barra