better appraised locally, regionally, and globally, taking into account the so far
underestimated importance of atmospheric transport.
River flow efficiently transports pyrethroids to river mouths and estuaries. It is
difficult to detect pyrethroids in the marine environment because of dilution. However aquaculture is a locally direct source that likely constitutes an important
environmental burden for seawater, which it is very poorly surveyed and comprehensively understood.
Acknowledgements We acknowledge partial financial support from the International Associated
Laboratories MORFUN and MAST (Marine Biogeochemistry and Functional Ecology) and from
COPAS Sur-Austral CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170006. BJ was supported by
CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2015-21150103.
References
1. Aznar-Alemany Ò, Eljarrat E (2020) Introduction to pyrethroid insecticides: chemical structures, properties, mode of action and use. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry.
Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2019_435
2. Wolfram J, Stehle S, Bub S, Petschick LL, Schulz R (2018) Meta-analysis of insecticides in
United States surface waters: status and future implications. Environ Sci Techol 53:3634–3644.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05833
3. Bondarenko S, Putt A, Kavanaugh S, Poletika N, Gan J (2006) Time dependence of phase
distribution of pyrethroid insecticides in sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 25(12):3148–3154
4. Aznar-Alemany Ò, Eljarrat E (2020) Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of pyrethroid insecticides in wildlife and humans. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin.
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_466
5. Ernst W, Doe K, Cook K, Burridge L, Lalonde B, Jackman P, Aubé JG, Page F (2014)
Dispersion and toxicity to non-target crustaceans of azamethiphos and deltamethrin after sea
lice treatments on farmed salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 424–425:104–112. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.017
6. Tucca F, Barra R (2020) Environmental risks of synthetic pyrethroids used by the Salmon
industry in Chile. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.
org/10.1007/698_2019_431
7. Li H, Cheng F, Wei Y, Lydy MJ, You J (2017) Global occurrence of pyrethroid insecticides in
sediment and the associated toxicological effects on benthic invertebrates: an overview.
J Hazard Mater 324:258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.056
8. Campo J, Masia A, Blasco C, Pico Y (2013) Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in
sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River basins. J Hazard Mater 263:146–157.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.061
9. Weston DP, Ramil HL, Lydy MJ (2013) Pyrethroid insecticides in municipal wastewater.
Environ Toxicol Chem 32:2460–2468. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2338
10. Ng CM, Weston DP, You J, Lydy MJ (2008) Patterns of pyrethroid contamination and toxicity
in agricultural and urban stream segments. In: Gan J, Spurlock F, Hendley P, Weston D (eds)
Synthetic pyrethroids: occurrence and behavior in aquatic environments. ACS symposium
series, vol 991. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 355–369. https://doi.org/10.
1021/bk-2008-0991.ch016
11. Siegler K, Phillips BM, Anderson BS, Voorhees JP, Tjeerdema RS (2015) Temporal and spatial
trends in sediment contaminants associated with toxicity in California watersheds. Environ
Pollut 206:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.028
102
L. Méjanelle et al.
underestimated importance of atmospheric transport.
River flow efficiently transports pyrethroids to river mouths and estuaries. It is
difficult to detect pyrethroids in the marine environment because of dilution. However aquaculture is a locally direct source that likely constitutes an important
environmental burden for seawater, which it is very poorly surveyed and comprehensively understood.
Acknowledgements We acknowledge partial financial support from the International Associated
Laboratories MORFUN and MAST (Marine Biogeochemistry and Functional Ecology) and from
COPAS Sur-Austral CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170006. BJ was supported by
CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2015-21150103.
References
1. Aznar-Alemany Ò, Eljarrat E (2020) Introduction to pyrethroid insecticides: chemical structures, properties, mode of action and use. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry.
Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2019_435
2. Wolfram J, Stehle S, Bub S, Petschick LL, Schulz R (2018) Meta-analysis of insecticides in
United States surface waters: status and future implications. Environ Sci Techol 53:3634–3644.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05833
3. Bondarenko S, Putt A, Kavanaugh S, Poletika N, Gan J (2006) Time dependence of phase
distribution of pyrethroid insecticides in sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 25(12):3148–3154
4. Aznar-Alemany Ò, Eljarrat E (2020) Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of pyrethroid insecticides in wildlife and humans. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin.
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_466
5. Ernst W, Doe K, Cook K, Burridge L, Lalonde B, Jackman P, Aubé JG, Page F (2014)
Dispersion and toxicity to non-target crustaceans of azamethiphos and deltamethrin after sea
lice treatments on farmed salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture 424–425:104–112. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.017
6. Tucca F, Barra R (2020) Environmental risks of synthetic pyrethroids used by the Salmon
industry in Chile. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.
org/10.1007/698_2019_431
7. Li H, Cheng F, Wei Y, Lydy MJ, You J (2017) Global occurrence of pyrethroid insecticides in
sediment and the associated toxicological effects on benthic invertebrates: an overview.
J Hazard Mater 324:258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.056
8. Campo J, Masia A, Blasco C, Pico Y (2013) Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in
sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River basins. J Hazard Mater 263:146–157.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.061
9. Weston DP, Ramil HL, Lydy MJ (2013) Pyrethroid insecticides in municipal wastewater.
Environ Toxicol Chem 32:2460–2468. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2338
10. Ng CM, Weston DP, You J, Lydy MJ (2008) Patterns of pyrethroid contamination and toxicity
in agricultural and urban stream segments. In: Gan J, Spurlock F, Hendley P, Weston D (eds)
Synthetic pyrethroids: occurrence and behavior in aquatic environments. ACS symposium
series, vol 991. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 355–369. https://doi.org/10.
1021/bk-2008-0991.ch016
11. Siegler K, Phillips BM, Anderson BS, Voorhees JP, Tjeerdema RS (2015) Temporal and spatial
trends in sediment contaminants associated with toxicity in California watersheds. Environ
Pollut 206:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.028
102
L. Méjanelle et al.