18
M. T. Pay et al.
conditions, which is a preliminary step towards designing refined and efficient emission abatement scenarios. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM)
within the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model has demonstrated
quite promising performance for the O 3 tagging, exhibiting less noise in locations
where brute force results are demonstrably inaccurate [1].
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Air Quality Model
Our analysis focuses on the 10-day period from July 21st to 31st, 2012, which is representative of typical summer synoptic conditions in the region according to studies
on circulation type classification [4]. We use the ISAM within the CALIOPE air quality forecast system (www.bsc.es/caliope) at 4-km horizontal resolution over the IP.
CALIOPE first runs over Europe at 12-km resolution (EU domain) and then over the
IP at 4-km (IP domain). The WRF-ARWv3.6 model provides meteorological fields.
The EU domain uses meteorological initial and boundary conditions from the Final
Analyses provided by the National Centers of Environmental Prediction. Boundary
conditions for reactive gases and aerosols come from the global MOZART-4/GEOS5 model. The system is configured with 38 sigma layers up to 50 hPa. HERMESv2.0
emission model provides disaggregated emissions to the CALIOPE system based on
local information and state-of-the-art bottom-up approaches for the most polluting
sectors. The MEGANv2.0.4 estimates the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and
NO x emissions from vegetation.
3.2.2 Ozone Source Apportionment
The ISAM tags both O 3 and its precursor emissions from each source sector and calculates all the O 3 concentrations ensuring mass conservation within one simulation.
Each tagged species undertakes normal physical processes without perturbing the
actual conditions. ISAM uses the ratio H 2 O 2 /HNO 3 to determine whether O 3 is NO x -
or VOC-sensitive (above or below 0.35, respectively). In this study, we quantified the
contributions to O 3 in the IP from the main NO x emission sectors (Fig. 3.1), which
include the energy production, the manufacturing industries, the road transport, and
the non-road transport. We also quantified the contribution from the chemical boundary and initial conditions. Hereinafter, we name the O 3 from boundary conditions as
the imported O 3 to the IP domain, which includes the O 3 produced in Europe and
the O 3 globally transported provided by the MOZART-4/GEOS-5 model l model.
M. T. Pay et al.
conditions, which is a preliminary step towards designing refined and efficient emission abatement scenarios. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM)
within the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model has demonstrated
quite promising performance for the O 3 tagging, exhibiting less noise in locations
where brute force results are demonstrably inaccurate [1].
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Air Quality Model
Our analysis focuses on the 10-day period from July 21st to 31st, 2012, which is representative of typical summer synoptic conditions in the region according to studies
on circulation type classification [4]. We use the ISAM within the CALIOPE air quality forecast system (www.bsc.es/caliope) at 4-km horizontal resolution over the IP.
CALIOPE first runs over Europe at 12-km resolution (EU domain) and then over the
IP at 4-km (IP domain). The WRF-ARWv3.6 model provides meteorological fields.
The EU domain uses meteorological initial and boundary conditions from the Final
Analyses provided by the National Centers of Environmental Prediction. Boundary
conditions for reactive gases and aerosols come from the global MOZART-4/GEOS5 model. The system is configured with 38 sigma layers up to 50 hPa. HERMESv2.0
emission model provides disaggregated emissions to the CALIOPE system based on
local information and state-of-the-art bottom-up approaches for the most polluting
sectors. The MEGANv2.0.4 estimates the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and
NO x emissions from vegetation.
3.2.2 Ozone Source Apportionment
The ISAM tags both O 3 and its precursor emissions from each source sector and calculates all the O 3 concentrations ensuring mass conservation within one simulation.
Each tagged species undertakes normal physical processes without perturbing the
actual conditions. ISAM uses the ratio H 2 O 2 /HNO 3 to determine whether O 3 is NO x -
or VOC-sensitive (above or below 0.35, respectively). In this study, we quantified the
contributions to O 3 in the IP from the main NO x emission sectors (Fig. 3.1), which
include the energy production, the manufacturing industries, the road transport, and
the non-road transport. We also quantified the contribution from the chemical boundary and initial conditions. Hereinafter, we name the O 3 from boundary conditions as
the imported O 3 to the IP domain, which includes the O 3 produced in Europe and
the O 3 globally transported provided by the MOZART-4/GEOS-5 model l model.