382
R. Wolke et al.
References
1. T. Anttila, A. Kiendler-Scharr, R. Tillmann, T.F. Mentel, On the reactive uptake of gaseous
compounds by organic-coated aqueous aerosols: theoretical analysis and application to the
heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 . J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 10435–10443 (2006)
2. A.M. Backes, A. Aulinger, J. Bieser, V. Matthias, M. Quante, Ammonia emissions in Europe,
part II: how ammonia emission abatement strategies affect secondary aerosols. Atmos. Environ.
126, 153–161 (2016)
3. J.S. Chang, R.A. Brost, I.S.A. Isaksen, S. Madronich, P. Middleton, W.R. Stockwell, C.J. Walcek, A threedimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: physical concepts and formulation.
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 92, 14681–14700 (1987)
4. W.L. Chang, S.S. Brown, J. Stutz, A.M. Middlebrook, R. Bahreini, N.L. Wagner, W.P. Dubé,
I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, N. Riemer, Evaluating N 2 O 5 heterogeneous hydrolysis parameterizations for CalNex 2010. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 121, 5051–5070 (2016)
5. Y. Chen, R. Wolke, L. Ran, W. Birmil, G. Spindler, W. Schröder, H. Su, Y. Cheng, I. Tegen,
A. Wiedensohler, A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 for mass-based
aerosol models: improvement of particulate nitrate prediction. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 673–
689 (2018)
6. M.V. Galperin, M.A. Sofiev, The long-range transport of ammonia and ammonium in the
Northern Hemisphere. Atmos. Environ. 32, 373–380 (1998)
7. D. Hinneburg, E. Renner, R. Wolke, Formation of secondary inorganic aerosols by power plant
emissions exhausted through cooling towers in Saxony. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 16, 25–35
(2009)
8. M. Karl, H.P. Dorn, F. Holland, R. Koppmann, D. Poppe, L. Rupp, A. Schaub, A. Wahner,
Product study of the reaction of oh radicals with isoprene in the atmosphere simulation chamber
saphir. J. Atmos. Chem. 55(2), 167–187 (2006)
9. M. Mozurkewich, The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size. Atmos. Environ. 27A, 261–270 (1993)
10. N. Riemer, H. Vogel, B. Vogel, B. Schell, I. Ackermann, C. Kessler, H. Hass, Impact of the
heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower
troposphere under photo smog conditions. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 108 (2003)
11. U. Schättler, G. Doms, C. Schraff, A Description of the Nonhydrostatic Regional Cosmo-Model.
Part VII: User’s Guide (Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, 2013)
12. B. Schell, I.J. Ackermann, H. Hass, F.S. Binkowski, A. Ebel, Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system. J. Geophys. Res.
Atmos. 106(D22), 28275–28293 (2001)
13. J. Sintermann, A. Neftel, C. Ammann, C. Háni, A. Hensen, B. Loubet, C.R. Flechard, Are
ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories? Biogeosciences 9 (2012)
14. R. Steinbrecher, G. Smiatek, R. Koeble, G. Seufert, J. Theloke, K. Hauff, P. Ciccioli, R. Vautard,
G. Curci, Intra- and inter-annual variability of VOC emissions from natural and semi-natural
vegetation in Europe and neighbouring countries. Atmos. Environ. 43(7), 1380–1391 (2009)
15. R. Stern, P. Builtjes, M. Schaap, R. Timmermans, R. Vautard, A. Hodzic, M. Memmesheimer, H.
Feldmann, E. Renner, R. Wolke, A. Kerschbaumer, A model inter-comparison study focussing
on episodes with elevated PM10 concentrations. Atmos. Environ. 42, 4567–4588 (2008)
16. W.R. Stockwell, F. Kirchner, M. Kuhn, S. Seefeld, A new mechanism for regional atmospheric
chemistry modeling. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 102(D22), 25847–25879 (1997)
17. R. Wolke, W. Schröder, R. Schrödner, E. Renner, Influence of grid resolution and meteorological forcing on simulated european air quality: a sensitivity study with the modeling system
COSMO-MUSCAT. Atmos. Environ. 53, 110–130 (2012)
R. Wolke et al.
References
1. T. Anttila, A. Kiendler-Scharr, R. Tillmann, T.F. Mentel, On the reactive uptake of gaseous
compounds by organic-coated aqueous aerosols: theoretical analysis and application to the
heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 . J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 10435–10443 (2006)
2. A.M. Backes, A. Aulinger, J. Bieser, V. Matthias, M. Quante, Ammonia emissions in Europe,
part II: how ammonia emission abatement strategies affect secondary aerosols. Atmos. Environ.
126, 153–161 (2016)
3. J.S. Chang, R.A. Brost, I.S.A. Isaksen, S. Madronich, P. Middleton, W.R. Stockwell, C.J. Walcek, A threedimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: physical concepts and formulation.
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 92, 14681–14700 (1987)
4. W.L. Chang, S.S. Brown, J. Stutz, A.M. Middlebrook, R. Bahreini, N.L. Wagner, W.P. Dubé,
I.B. Pollack, T.B. Ryerson, N. Riemer, Evaluating N 2 O 5 heterogeneous hydrolysis parameterizations for CalNex 2010. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 121, 5051–5070 (2016)
5. Y. Chen, R. Wolke, L. Ran, W. Birmil, G. Spindler, W. Schröder, H. Su, Y. Cheng, I. Tegen,
A. Wiedensohler, A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 for mass-based
aerosol models: improvement of particulate nitrate prediction. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 673–
689 (2018)
6. M.V. Galperin, M.A. Sofiev, The long-range transport of ammonia and ammonium in the
Northern Hemisphere. Atmos. Environ. 32, 373–380 (1998)
7. D. Hinneburg, E. Renner, R. Wolke, Formation of secondary inorganic aerosols by power plant
emissions exhausted through cooling towers in Saxony. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 16, 25–35
(2009)
8. M. Karl, H.P. Dorn, F. Holland, R. Koppmann, D. Poppe, L. Rupp, A. Schaub, A. Wahner,
Product study of the reaction of oh radicals with isoprene in the atmosphere simulation chamber
saphir. J. Atmos. Chem. 55(2), 167–187 (2006)
9. M. Mozurkewich, The dissociation constant of ammonium nitrate and its dependence on temperature, relative humidity and particle size. Atmos. Environ. 27A, 261–270 (1993)
10. N. Riemer, H. Vogel, B. Vogel, B. Schell, I. Ackermann, C. Kessler, H. Hass, Impact of the
heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 on chemistry and nitrate aerosol formation in the lower
troposphere under photo smog conditions. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 108 (2003)
11. U. Schättler, G. Doms, C. Schraff, A Description of the Nonhydrostatic Regional Cosmo-Model.
Part VII: User’s Guide (Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, 2013)
12. B. Schell, I.J. Ackermann, H. Hass, F.S. Binkowski, A. Ebel, Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system. J. Geophys. Res.
Atmos. 106(D22), 28275–28293 (2001)
13. J. Sintermann, A. Neftel, C. Ammann, C. Háni, A. Hensen, B. Loubet, C.R. Flechard, Are
ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories? Biogeosciences 9 (2012)
14. R. Steinbrecher, G. Smiatek, R. Koeble, G. Seufert, J. Theloke, K. Hauff, P. Ciccioli, R. Vautard,
G. Curci, Intra- and inter-annual variability of VOC emissions from natural and semi-natural
vegetation in Europe and neighbouring countries. Atmos. Environ. 43(7), 1380–1391 (2009)
15. R. Stern, P. Builtjes, M. Schaap, R. Timmermans, R. Vautard, A. Hodzic, M. Memmesheimer, H.
Feldmann, E. Renner, R. Wolke, A. Kerschbaumer, A model inter-comparison study focussing
on episodes with elevated PM10 concentrations. Atmos. Environ. 42, 4567–4588 (2008)
16. W.R. Stockwell, F. Kirchner, M. Kuhn, S. Seefeld, A new mechanism for regional atmospheric
chemistry modeling. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 102(D22), 25847–25879 (1997)
17. R. Wolke, W. Schröder, R. Schrödner, E. Renner, Influence of grid resolution and meteorological forcing on simulated european air quality: a sensitivity study with the modeling system
COSMO-MUSCAT. Atmos. Environ. 53, 110–130 (2012)