Role of Science, Technology and Innovation in Addressing …
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scenarios he reported, temperature increases and possible precipitation decrease will
significantly aggravate the existing water related problems.
Agrawala et al. [49], Focused in their studies of development and climate change
in Egypt on coastal resources and the Nile adaptation measures on the supply-side
include ways to improve rain-harvesting techniques, increasing extraction of ground
water, water recycling, desalination, and improving water transportation recommending improved long-term forecasting as a necessity to enhance Egypt’s ability to cope
with prolonged drought.
Satellite images, GIS, mathematical models and scenarios have been instrumental
in studying the impacts of climate change on the coastal area of the Nile Delta in
Egypt through sea level rise (SLR) combined with geological and human factors,
which is already subsiding at approximately 3–5 mm/year around the Nile delta
[50]. Satellite maps of the Nile delta has been used to illustrate the potential impact
of SLR on the available agricultural land in the Delta under different scenarios of
the SLR that change with time as well as on the livelihood of the local communities.
Simulation models were used in a study by Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation
to Climate Change And Disaster Risk Reduction (2011) on different agricultural
areas over a period of 25–40 years to predict the statues of the major crops in Egypt
and their water use under different climate change scenarios concluding that:
Simulation models were used in a study by Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (2011) on different agricultural
areas over a period of 25–40 years to predict the statues of the major crops in Egypt
and their water use under different climate change scenarios concluding that:
• Wheat: The productivity of wheat will fall by 9% if the temperature rises by 2 °C.
The water consumption of this crop will rise by 6.2%, in comparison with the
situation under the current weather conditions. A 4 °C rise will increase the deficit
to 18%.
• Maize: Crop productivity will fall by 19% by the middle of this century if temperature increases by 3.5 °C, in comparison with the situation under the current
weather conditions. Accordingly, water consumption will rise by 8%.
• Cotton: Climate change will have a positive impact on the productivity of cotton.
Production will rise by 17% if the temperature rises by 2 °C. The water consumption of this crop will increase by 4.1–5.2% in comparison with the situation
under the current weather conditions. If the temperature rises by 4 °C, production
will increase by 31%. On the other hand, water consumption will rise by 10% in
comparison with the situation under the current weather conditions.
• Rice: Productivity will fall by 11% in comparison with the situation under the
current weather conditions. Water consumption will increase by 16%.
• Tomato: Tomato productivity will fall by 14% if the temperature increases by 2 °C.
Water consumption of the crop will increase by 4.2–5.7% in comparison with the
situation under the current weather conditions. The drop in productivity will reach
51% if the temperature rises by 3.5 °C.
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scenarios he reported, temperature increases and possible precipitation decrease will
significantly aggravate the existing water related problems.
Agrawala et al. [49], Focused in their studies of development and climate change
in Egypt on coastal resources and the Nile adaptation measures on the supply-side
include ways to improve rain-harvesting techniques, increasing extraction of ground
water, water recycling, desalination, and improving water transportation recommending improved long-term forecasting as a necessity to enhance Egypt’s ability to cope
with prolonged drought.
Satellite images, GIS, mathematical models and scenarios have been instrumental
in studying the impacts of climate change on the coastal area of the Nile Delta in
Egypt through sea level rise (SLR) combined with geological and human factors,
which is already subsiding at approximately 3–5 mm/year around the Nile delta
[50]. Satellite maps of the Nile delta has been used to illustrate the potential impact
of SLR on the available agricultural land in the Delta under different scenarios of
the SLR that change with time as well as on the livelihood of the local communities.
Simulation models were used in a study by Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation
to Climate Change And Disaster Risk Reduction (2011) on different agricultural
areas over a period of 25–40 years to predict the statues of the major crops in Egypt
and their water use under different climate change scenarios concluding that:
Simulation models were used in a study by Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (2011) on different agricultural
areas over a period of 25–40 years to predict the statues of the major crops in Egypt
and their water use under different climate change scenarios concluding that:
• Wheat: The productivity of wheat will fall by 9% if the temperature rises by 2 °C.
The water consumption of this crop will rise by 6.2%, in comparison with the
situation under the current weather conditions. A 4 °C rise will increase the deficit
to 18%.
• Maize: Crop productivity will fall by 19% by the middle of this century if temperature increases by 3.5 °C, in comparison with the situation under the current
weather conditions. Accordingly, water consumption will rise by 8%.
• Cotton: Climate change will have a positive impact on the productivity of cotton.
Production will rise by 17% if the temperature rises by 2 °C. The water consumption of this crop will increase by 4.1–5.2% in comparison with the situation
under the current weather conditions. If the temperature rises by 4 °C, production
will increase by 31%. On the other hand, water consumption will rise by 10% in
comparison with the situation under the current weather conditions.
• Rice: Productivity will fall by 11% in comparison with the situation under the
current weather conditions. Water consumption will increase by 16%.
• Tomato: Tomato productivity will fall by 14% if the temperature increases by 2 °C.
Water consumption of the crop will increase by 4.2–5.7% in comparison with the
situation under the current weather conditions. The drop in productivity will reach
51% if the temperature rises by 3.5 °C.