Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations …
637
3.1 An Overview of Climate Change in Egypt Was Concluded
in Three Approaches
The first approach is an overview of Paleo-climate evidence in Egypt. Study of the
different impacts of the climatic changes occurred in the Earth’s geologic history can
give a clue to predict the consequence of the current warming. The natural warming
events took several hundreds of kilo years led to increase the earth temperatures by
a few degrees, whereas the human impact accelerates the process by around 250
times. Therefor the human activities should be controlled by lows to stop and/or
decrease the emission of the greenhouse gases to slow there steps toward the sex
mass extinction event.
The second approach is the governance and institutional structure of climate
change in Egypt. Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction stressed the importance of reforming and modifying the
institutional frameworks for climate change adaptation in Egypt. Such reformation
would not necessarily entail establishing new institutions, but rather ensuring best
practices in existing ones. While a framework for climate change adaptation exists
in Egypt, local level policies and actions need to be strengthened to ensure effective
implementation of adaptation and mitigation effects. There is a need to formulate
integrated climate change strategies, to enable access to climate finance mechanisms,
and to develop and strengthen the policies, institutions, capacities, knowledge and
transformative change required to build climate-resilient communities (http://www.
climasouth.eu/docs/Adaptation011%20StrategyEgypt.pdf).
The third approach is the role of science, technology, and innovation in addressing
climate change challenges in Egypt. Science policy interface is vital in approaching
the climate change, which challenges globally and specifically in Egypt. Innovations
and new technologies have the major role of developing new crops varieties that are
resistant to possible impacts of climate change (heat, drought, and salinity stress),
disease, and producing higher yields. These technologies should be simplified to
be close to the policymakers, who need to understand the nature and processes
of scientific innovation and to enhance an environment in which it can flourish in
responding to the emerging challenges. Water, food energy, and climate change
nexus can be the major concern of the scientific research plans, programs, and
projects in Egypt. In addition, Policy time scales are generally shorter than
scientific developments, so policy needs to demonstrate more continuity for fostering
innovation. Because of the cost of research, funding for scientific research and
development needs long-term commitments, which are not affected by rapid policy
changes. There is also a need for more international cooperation.
637
3.1 An Overview of Climate Change in Egypt Was Concluded
in Three Approaches
The first approach is an overview of Paleo-climate evidence in Egypt. Study of the
different impacts of the climatic changes occurred in the Earth’s geologic history can
give a clue to predict the consequence of the current warming. The natural warming
events took several hundreds of kilo years led to increase the earth temperatures by
a few degrees, whereas the human impact accelerates the process by around 250
times. Therefor the human activities should be controlled by lows to stop and/or
decrease the emission of the greenhouse gases to slow there steps toward the sex
mass extinction event.
The second approach is the governance and institutional structure of climate
change in Egypt. Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction stressed the importance of reforming and modifying the
institutional frameworks for climate change adaptation in Egypt. Such reformation
would not necessarily entail establishing new institutions, but rather ensuring best
practices in existing ones. While a framework for climate change adaptation exists
in Egypt, local level policies and actions need to be strengthened to ensure effective
implementation of adaptation and mitigation effects. There is a need to formulate
integrated climate change strategies, to enable access to climate finance mechanisms,
and to develop and strengthen the policies, institutions, capacities, knowledge and
transformative change required to build climate-resilient communities (http://www.
climasouth.eu/docs/Adaptation011%20StrategyEgypt.pdf).
The third approach is the role of science, technology, and innovation in addressing
climate change challenges in Egypt. Science policy interface is vital in approaching
the climate change, which challenges globally and specifically in Egypt. Innovations
and new technologies have the major role of developing new crops varieties that are
resistant to possible impacts of climate change (heat, drought, and salinity stress),
disease, and producing higher yields. These technologies should be simplified to
be close to the policymakers, who need to understand the nature and processes
of scientific innovation and to enhance an environment in which it can flourish in
responding to the emerging challenges. Water, food energy, and climate change
nexus can be the major concern of the scientific research plans, programs, and
projects in Egypt. In addition, Policy time scales are generally shorter than
scientific developments, so policy needs to demonstrate more continuity for fostering
innovation. Because of the cost of research, funding for scientific research and
development needs long-term commitments, which are not affected by rapid policy
changes. There is also a need for more international cooperation.