552
D. M. Gouda
million, 4.7 million and 4.4 million people respectively in 2017. If coupled with
unemployment—e.g. due to climate change—the large number of the young rural
population could lead to tension and unrest. At the same time, the young rural
population would constitute a sufficient labor force in case of resorting to a laborintensive climate change adaptation strategy. The average percentage of those over
45 years in the Nile Delta governorates, is highest in Daqahlia and Damietta with
20% and about 19% respectively, accounting for 930 thousand and 170 thousand,
while it is lowest in Alexandria and Ismailia with about 10% and 11%, accounting
for about 7 thousand and 85 thousand. This could be an indication that farmers
in Alexandria and Ismailia rely less on the elderly’s’ agricultural experience and
more on formal sources of information.
• Rural Illiteracy: Rural illiteracy is highest in Alexandria, Beheira and Kafr ElSheikh with about 28%, 27% and 23% respectively, amounting about 20 thousand
people in Alexandria, and about 1.3 million people in Beheira and 600 thousand
people in Kafr El-Sheikh. Illiteracy rates are lowest in Damietta, Menufia and
Gharbia with about 18%, equalling about 160 thousand, 620 thousand and 660
thousand people respectively in 2017.
• Poverty: Poverty rates are highest in Qalyubia, Beheira, and Kafr El-Sheikh with
21%, 20%, and 18% in 2012/2013, equalling about 1.2 million, 1.2 million, and 600
thousand people respectively, while Damietta, Gharbia and Alexandria have the
lowest poverty rates with 10%, 11% and 12% accounting for about 150 thousand,
550 thousand and 620 thousand people.
21
• Type of cultivated Field Crops: In Menufia and Daqahlia, about 80% of the area
is cultivated with traditional crops (cereals, sugar cane, clover and cotton) that
account for about 500 thousand feddan cropping area and 1 million feddan cropping area respectively in 2015. Much of the traditional crops are consumed locally
by farmers, i.e. for their subsistence use [80, 86]. In Alexandria and Ismailia,
the areas cultivated with traditional crops account for about 52% and 54% respectively that equal about 150 and 140 thousand feddan cropping area, while the areas
with nontraditional crops account for 48% and 46% of their cropping area that is
equivalent to about 130 and 90 thousand feddan respectively. The nontraditional
crops—mainly vegetables accounting for 43% and 35% of total cultivated field
crops area—are produced for the local and international markets. The cultivation
of traditional crops—in the Nile Delta governorates—is mostly connected with
small size agricultural land plots.
• Average Agricultural landownership: The average agricultural landownership is
smallest in Gharbia and Qalyubia with about 0.9 and 1.2 feddan respectively, while
it is 4.9 and 6.3 feddan in Alexandria and Ismailia. The number of landowners is
highest in Beheira, Daqahlia and Gharbia with 560 thousand, 450 thousand and
430 thousand landowners, and lowest in Alexandria and Ismailia with 36 thousand
and 45 thousand landowners in 2015/2016.
21 No recent poverty rates per governorate were available, only those of 2012/13, multiplied by
population by governorate in 2017.
D. M. Gouda
million, 4.7 million and 4.4 million people respectively in 2017. If coupled with
unemployment—e.g. due to climate change—the large number of the young rural
population could lead to tension and unrest. At the same time, the young rural
population would constitute a sufficient labor force in case of resorting to a laborintensive climate change adaptation strategy. The average percentage of those over
45 years in the Nile Delta governorates, is highest in Daqahlia and Damietta with
20% and about 19% respectively, accounting for 930 thousand and 170 thousand,
while it is lowest in Alexandria and Ismailia with about 10% and 11%, accounting
for about 7 thousand and 85 thousand. This could be an indication that farmers
in Alexandria and Ismailia rely less on the elderly’s’ agricultural experience and
more on formal sources of information.
• Rural Illiteracy: Rural illiteracy is highest in Alexandria, Beheira and Kafr ElSheikh with about 28%, 27% and 23% respectively, amounting about 20 thousand
people in Alexandria, and about 1.3 million people in Beheira and 600 thousand
people in Kafr El-Sheikh. Illiteracy rates are lowest in Damietta, Menufia and
Gharbia with about 18%, equalling about 160 thousand, 620 thousand and 660
thousand people respectively in 2017.
• Poverty: Poverty rates are highest in Qalyubia, Beheira, and Kafr El-Sheikh with
21%, 20%, and 18% in 2012/2013, equalling about 1.2 million, 1.2 million, and 600
thousand people respectively, while Damietta, Gharbia and Alexandria have the
lowest poverty rates with 10%, 11% and 12% accounting for about 150 thousand,
550 thousand and 620 thousand people.
21
• Type of cultivated Field Crops: In Menufia and Daqahlia, about 80% of the area
is cultivated with traditional crops (cereals, sugar cane, clover and cotton) that
account for about 500 thousand feddan cropping area and 1 million feddan cropping area respectively in 2015. Much of the traditional crops are consumed locally
by farmers, i.e. for their subsistence use [80, 86]. In Alexandria and Ismailia,
the areas cultivated with traditional crops account for about 52% and 54% respectively that equal about 150 and 140 thousand feddan cropping area, while the areas
with nontraditional crops account for 48% and 46% of their cropping area that is
equivalent to about 130 and 90 thousand feddan respectively. The nontraditional
crops—mainly vegetables accounting for 43% and 35% of total cultivated field
crops area—are produced for the local and international markets. The cultivation
of traditional crops—in the Nile Delta governorates—is mostly connected with
small size agricultural land plots.
• Average Agricultural landownership: The average agricultural landownership is
smallest in Gharbia and Qalyubia with about 0.9 and 1.2 feddan respectively, while
it is 4.9 and 6.3 feddan in Alexandria and Ismailia. The number of landowners is
highest in Beheira, Daqahlia and Gharbia with 560 thousand, 450 thousand and
430 thousand landowners, and lowest in Alexandria and Ismailia with 36 thousand
and 45 thousand landowners in 2015/2016.
21 No recent poverty rates per governorate were available, only those of 2012/13, multiplied by
population by governorate in 2017.