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T. S. K. M. Rabie
distance from exorbitant costs on vaccinations and costly sustains. Post characteristics the expansion in overall calf numbers to the government’s enhanced disease control measures and inoculation programs, and it is setting minimum slaughter weights.
The legislature is additionally controlling the cost of some animal feed input costs
[42]. It’s clear that after the animal exposure to heat stress not only decreases the
milk yield in dairy animals, but it has dramatic effects on body weight in beef cattle
because of decreasing of feed intake and feed conversion and increasing of water
consumption. In the following parts, the effect of high temperature on the domestic
animal will be discussed.
4.2.1 Livestock Production Chains, Impact on Rural Society
Crop/livestock framework is the fundamental framework at the worldwide scale,
gives around 75% of dairy, 60% of meat and up to half of cereals production [43].
Milk production in little scale gives rural work and cash money while in the meantime helping in enhancing, strengthening and balancing out agricultural production
framework [44]. In Egypt, crop-livestock production framework is considered as
the principal farming system including around 95% of the bovine population (dairy
cattle and buffaloes). Crop-livestock production framework gives around 75% of
milk production at the national scale, while 25% delivered by business ranches [45].
Moreover, livestock is considered as security assets influencing access to informal
credits and loans to aid smallholders in crises and events (like bride price payments).
In numerous smallholder frameworks in developing countries, manure is considered
as critical as milk and meat. Likewise, buffalo is considered as the backbone of the
farmer’s financial aspects of in 40 countries, notably Egypt [46]. In Egypt, water
buffaloes are the principal source for milk production and contribute over 70% of the
yearly milk production [47]. The buffalo population was around 3.5 million head in
the year 2016 [2]. Around 42% of the buffalo population is dairy cows, 32% heifers,
6% bulls and 20% male calves. Although the farmers are spending a lot of effort,
time and investment to produce milk or meat, and they receive a small proportion of
the profit—which considered one of the threats to the whole production system sustainability—,livestock is considered as security assets influencing access to informal
credits and loans to aid smallholders in crises and events (like bride price payments).
(a) Dairy Production Chains, and Climate Impacts
Dairying is often part of a mixed farming system in which manure is used for fertilizing cash crop production. Dairy animals are fed on different feed stuff such as
grass, crop residues and cultivated grains. Supplementary feeding is practiced only
when feasible. In Egypt, the traditional system is characterized by small-herd size
less than 50 head of the animal, less than 5 feddans and keep native and crossbred
animals. The feeding system relies upon Egyptian clover in winter and maize and
sorghum in summer, supplemented with a constrained amount of fixing ingredients
such as corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, and so on.) or concentrate feed mixture.
This framework gives around 75% of milk production on the national scale [45].
T. S. K. M. Rabie
distance from exorbitant costs on vaccinations and costly sustains. Post characteristics the expansion in overall calf numbers to the government’s enhanced disease control measures and inoculation programs, and it is setting minimum slaughter weights.
The legislature is additionally controlling the cost of some animal feed input costs
[42]. It’s clear that after the animal exposure to heat stress not only decreases the
milk yield in dairy animals, but it has dramatic effects on body weight in beef cattle
because of decreasing of feed intake and feed conversion and increasing of water
consumption. In the following parts, the effect of high temperature on the domestic
animal will be discussed.
4.2.1 Livestock Production Chains, Impact on Rural Society
Crop/livestock framework is the fundamental framework at the worldwide scale,
gives around 75% of dairy, 60% of meat and up to half of cereals production [43].
Milk production in little scale gives rural work and cash money while in the meantime helping in enhancing, strengthening and balancing out agricultural production
framework [44]. In Egypt, crop-livestock production framework is considered as
the principal farming system including around 95% of the bovine population (dairy
cattle and buffaloes). Crop-livestock production framework gives around 75% of
milk production at the national scale, while 25% delivered by business ranches [45].
Moreover, livestock is considered as security assets influencing access to informal
credits and loans to aid smallholders in crises and events (like bride price payments).
In numerous smallholder frameworks in developing countries, manure is considered
as critical as milk and meat. Likewise, buffalo is considered as the backbone of the
farmer’s financial aspects of in 40 countries, notably Egypt [46]. In Egypt, water
buffaloes are the principal source for milk production and contribute over 70% of the
yearly milk production [47]. The buffalo population was around 3.5 million head in
the year 2016 [2]. Around 42% of the buffalo population is dairy cows, 32% heifers,
6% bulls and 20% male calves. Although the farmers are spending a lot of effort,
time and investment to produce milk or meat, and they receive a small proportion of
the profit—which considered one of the threats to the whole production system sustainability—,livestock is considered as security assets influencing access to informal
credits and loans to aid smallholders in crises and events (like bride price payments).
(a) Dairy Production Chains, and Climate Impacts
Dairying is often part of a mixed farming system in which manure is used for fertilizing cash crop production. Dairy animals are fed on different feed stuff such as
grass, crop residues and cultivated grains. Supplementary feeding is practiced only
when feasible. In Egypt, the traditional system is characterized by small-herd size
less than 50 head of the animal, less than 5 feddans and keep native and crossbred
animals. The feeding system relies upon Egyptian clover in winter and maize and
sorghum in summer, supplemented with a constrained amount of fixing ingredients
such as corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, and so on.) or concentrate feed mixture.
This framework gives around 75% of milk production on the national scale [45].