12
E.-S. E. Omran and A. M. Negm
monthly ETo (P-M) values, and prediction equations were developed for each agroclimatic zone of Egypt. These equations were used to project ETo values under climate change in 2030 using RCP6.0 climate change scenario resulted from MIROC5
climate change model. The developed ETo values were used to run BISm model and
to calculate Kc values for 14 field crops, 7 fruit crops, and 13 vegetable crops, where
the date and the value of each Kc growth stage, as well as the water consumptive use
of each crop in 2030 were calculated. Comparison between Kc values in 2016 and
2030 for field and vegetable crops revealed that the values of Kcini were higher in
2016, compared to its counterpart values in 2030. The values of Kcmed and Kcend
were similar or lower in 2016, compared to its counterpart values in 2030. Whereas,
there was no change in the values of Kc for fruit crops between 2016 and 2030.
A practical example is given by the chapter titled “Rice Production in Egypt:
The Challenges of Climate Change and Water Deficiency”. This chapter show how
the changing in rice management practice; such as decreasing ploughing, creating
another alternative to rice straw burning and balanced fertilizer application would
lead to mitigating of greenhouse gas emission from rice cultivation and improving
soil organic matter (SOM) stocks, subsequently soil quality and productivity. Climate
change has been one of the major global environmental problems of the 21st century.
Rice is the main cereal crop for over 50% of the world’s population. Rice cultivation
is known as an important emitter of greenhouse gas emission, especially methane due
to rice management practices and burning of rice straw after harvesting. However,
many studies confirmed that rice soils accumulate carbon higher than other crops such
as wheat and corn. The cultivated area of rice in Egypt is approximately 650,000 ha
from the whole cultivated area in Egypt; approximately 3.3 million ha; i.e. around
20% of the cultivated area in Egypt. Egypt relies on the Nile for 97% of its water
requirements. The expected scenario of water deficiency in the Nasser Lake due
to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam construction, with pulling of deficiency
from Dam Lake; is emphasizing on wasting approximately 1.7 million ha of Egypt’s
cultivated area. As well, the expected high scenario of a relative sea level rise in
Egypt; especially Nile Delta increases the amount of land that lying under risk from
inundation in the north Nile Delta by 300 km
2 , which estimated by one-fifth of the
total agricultural land in the northeast Nile Delta only. Also, all crops are projected to
have a decrease in yields and an increase in irrigation needs. Thus; all these challenges
will increase the stresses on rice production and decrease soil C storage in Egypt as
a result of climate change and water shortage due to establishing GERD.
On the other hand, the chapter titled “Nano-technology for Real-Time Control
of the Red Palm Weevil Under Climate Change” explains how to utilize the nanotechniques using acoustic and thermal sensors, to detect the infection of RPW at early
stages and consequently protect the Red Palm Weevil. In fact, the current measures
used to control the insect are not effective enough to succeed in eliminating the
insect because of the great difficulty in early detection of infection and reaching all
life stages inside the trunk. The first objective of this study is to detect the presence of
living stages of RPW, which are hidden in the palm tree. Nano-sensor system using
acoustic and thermal sensors was developed for significant recognition of RPW in
an earlier phase of the infestation.
E.-S. E. Omran and A. M. Negm
monthly ETo (P-M) values, and prediction equations were developed for each agroclimatic zone of Egypt. These equations were used to project ETo values under climate change in 2030 using RCP6.0 climate change scenario resulted from MIROC5
climate change model. The developed ETo values were used to run BISm model and
to calculate Kc values for 14 field crops, 7 fruit crops, and 13 vegetable crops, where
the date and the value of each Kc growth stage, as well as the water consumptive use
of each crop in 2030 were calculated. Comparison between Kc values in 2016 and
2030 for field and vegetable crops revealed that the values of Kcini were higher in
2016, compared to its counterpart values in 2030. The values of Kcmed and Kcend
were similar or lower in 2016, compared to its counterpart values in 2030. Whereas,
there was no change in the values of Kc for fruit crops between 2016 and 2030.
A practical example is given by the chapter titled “Rice Production in Egypt:
The Challenges of Climate Change and Water Deficiency”. This chapter show how
the changing in rice management practice; such as decreasing ploughing, creating
another alternative to rice straw burning and balanced fertilizer application would
lead to mitigating of greenhouse gas emission from rice cultivation and improving
soil organic matter (SOM) stocks, subsequently soil quality and productivity. Climate
change has been one of the major global environmental problems of the 21st century.
Rice is the main cereal crop for over 50% of the world’s population. Rice cultivation
is known as an important emitter of greenhouse gas emission, especially methane due
to rice management practices and burning of rice straw after harvesting. However,
many studies confirmed that rice soils accumulate carbon higher than other crops such
as wheat and corn. The cultivated area of rice in Egypt is approximately 650,000 ha
from the whole cultivated area in Egypt; approximately 3.3 million ha; i.e. around
20% of the cultivated area in Egypt. Egypt relies on the Nile for 97% of its water
requirements. The expected scenario of water deficiency in the Nasser Lake due
to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam construction, with pulling of deficiency
from Dam Lake; is emphasizing on wasting approximately 1.7 million ha of Egypt’s
cultivated area. As well, the expected high scenario of a relative sea level rise in
Egypt; especially Nile Delta increases the amount of land that lying under risk from
inundation in the north Nile Delta by 300 km
2 , which estimated by one-fifth of the
total agricultural land in the northeast Nile Delta only. Also, all crops are projected to
have a decrease in yields and an increase in irrigation needs. Thus; all these challenges
will increase the stresses on rice production and decrease soil C storage in Egypt as
a result of climate change and water shortage due to establishing GERD.
On the other hand, the chapter titled “Nano-technology for Real-Time Control
of the Red Palm Weevil Under Climate Change” explains how to utilize the nanotechniques using acoustic and thermal sensors, to detect the infection of RPW at early
stages and consequently protect the Red Palm Weevil. In fact, the current measures
used to control the insect are not effective enough to succeed in eliminating the
insect because of the great difficulty in early detection of infection and reaching all
life stages inside the trunk. The first objective of this study is to detect the presence of
living stages of RPW, which are hidden in the palm tree. Nano-sensor system using
acoustic and thermal sensors was developed for significant recognition of RPW in
an earlier phase of the infestation.