218
M. A. S. Abdel Monem and B. Radojevic
transgression of the narrow sand barrier separating the sea from these lakes, which
will then lead to its gradual sink in.
This may cause a change in the biodiversity of marine life and in fisheries located
south of the lakes. Salinity will increase, and will gradually reach that of the open
sea. The fish ecosystem will change as the rate of nutritional assimilation rises.
This will lead to a higher need for nutrition, and increased competition between
different species, thus raising the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). In terms of
the hydrological aspect, the Mediterranean Sea level rise—whether it is 50 cm or
1 m—will have a significant impact on the rates and locations of egg hatching. The
increased salinity will limit the spread of fresh water fish in the northern areas of the
Delta, and alter specific mix of the fish.
4.5 Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to Climate
Change in Egypt
Developing strategy for enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change
in Egypt requires coordination and integration between the main related national
strategies. These strategies include Egypt’s Vision 2030 (2016), the Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy [2], and Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction [3] are as well as activities that cut
across a number of stakeholders and national processes.
The objective of Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction [3] is to increase the resilience of the Egyptian communities
to climate change impacts at various sectors and activities. The Egyptian Strategy has
been developed based on the expectation of the IPCC reports that average temperature
increase will not exceed two degrees Celsius until the year 2100 and under two
scenarios of sea level rise by 2100 that are, 0.5 and 1 m.
The Strategy presents an assessment of the current situation in all sectors, including water resources and irrigation, agriculture, health, urban areas, housing, roads
and tourism. The strategy focuses on the importance of coastal zones as impacted
by sea level rise. Also, the Strategy provides suggestions for adaptation measures
based on extensive research efforts of the Egyptian scientific institutions to face the
climate change challenges.
In the water sector, the strategy identifies population increase, fragmented agricultural holdings, unstable cropping system, lack of financial resources, and weak
legislations as main challenges. Adaptation measures have been identified to cope
with the impact of climate change on water.
The most important specialized adaptation programs proposed in the National
Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and the Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy that can be reflected in the Climate Smart Agriculture strategy
include the following:
M. A. S. Abdel Monem and B. Radojevic
transgression of the narrow sand barrier separating the sea from these lakes, which
will then lead to its gradual sink in.
This may cause a change in the biodiversity of marine life and in fisheries located
south of the lakes. Salinity will increase, and will gradually reach that of the open
sea. The fish ecosystem will change as the rate of nutritional assimilation rises.
This will lead to a higher need for nutrition, and increased competition between
different species, thus raising the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). In terms of
the hydrological aspect, the Mediterranean Sea level rise—whether it is 50 cm or
1 m—will have a significant impact on the rates and locations of egg hatching. The
increased salinity will limit the spread of fresh water fish in the northern areas of the
Delta, and alter specific mix of the fish.
4.5 Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Resilience to Climate
Change in Egypt
Developing strategy for enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change
in Egypt requires coordination and integration between the main related national
strategies. These strategies include Egypt’s Vision 2030 (2016), the Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy [2], and Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction [3] are as well as activities that cut
across a number of stakeholders and national processes.
The objective of Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction [3] is to increase the resilience of the Egyptian communities
to climate change impacts at various sectors and activities. The Egyptian Strategy has
been developed based on the expectation of the IPCC reports that average temperature
increase will not exceed two degrees Celsius until the year 2100 and under two
scenarios of sea level rise by 2100 that are, 0.5 and 1 m.
The Strategy presents an assessment of the current situation in all sectors, including water resources and irrigation, agriculture, health, urban areas, housing, roads
and tourism. The strategy focuses on the importance of coastal zones as impacted
by sea level rise. Also, the Strategy provides suggestions for adaptation measures
based on extensive research efforts of the Egyptian scientific institutions to face the
climate change challenges.
In the water sector, the strategy identifies population increase, fragmented agricultural holdings, unstable cropping system, lack of financial resources, and weak
legislations as main challenges. Adaptation measures have been identified to cope
with the impact of climate change on water.
The most important specialized adaptation programs proposed in the National
Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and the Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy that can be reflected in the Climate Smart Agriculture strategy
include the following: