Introduction to “Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security in Egypt”
5
3 Chapter’s Summary
The following subsection presents the salient features of the chapters presented in
the book under each theme of the book.
3.1 An Overview of Climate Change in Egypt
This section is covered in four chapters from 1 to 4. Chapter two is titled “An
Overview of Paleo-climate Evidence in Egypt”. It explains how can the knowledge
that we can get from the past can help us to understand the consequence of the
current warming. The earth system is a closed system has its energy from the solar
and cosmic rays and formed of four interconnected spheres (lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere). The change in chemical or physical conditions in each
one of these sphere is monitor directly for the others. Several internal and external
processes have a strong effect on modifying the earth climate such as extraterrestrial
impacts, volcanism, and injection of greenhouse gaseous into the atmosphere, these
processes are recorded in the geologic history of the earth as a catastrophic and/or
hyperthermal events. The ecosystem has three different ways to respond to the climate
change; extinction and it is the worst response and is recorded several time in earth
history five of them were major mass extinctions; evolution, in which the Genera
are adapting themselves to the new climatic condition; or rising of new genera. In
several cases, these three scenarios are recorded together in other only one or two of
these scenarios can be observed. To sum up, the study of the paleoclimatic changes
that prevailed in the earth’s history is an important issue to understand the current
climatic changes. Some extinction and hyperthermal events can be used as an analog
for the current changes and help to predict what the future hide for the humankind.
While chapter three is about “Governance and Institutional Structure of Climate
Change in Egypt” focuses on the effective implementation of climate change policies
and strategies in Egypt which requires strong governance and institutional structure.
More coordination between the different stallholders and more effective involvement of the private sector and civil society organizations in the climate change
implementation plans are required.
Successful climate change governance systems should ensure the implementation
of climate policy integration at the national level. This chapter address the governance
and institutional structure of climate change in Egypt listing the different institutions
that are partners to the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) handling
the issues related to climate change in different ministries and sectors in Egypt. The
chapter also covers the environmental policies and legislation in Egypt starting from
the Law 4/1994 as the first environmental protection law in Egypt, listing all related
laws as well as the already implemented projects. The chapter also discusses the
important role of civil society organizations and their active engagement as has been
5
3 Chapter’s Summary
The following subsection presents the salient features of the chapters presented in
the book under each theme of the book.
3.1 An Overview of Climate Change in Egypt
This section is covered in four chapters from 1 to 4. Chapter two is titled “An
Overview of Paleo-climate Evidence in Egypt”. It explains how can the knowledge
that we can get from the past can help us to understand the consequence of the
current warming. The earth system is a closed system has its energy from the solar
and cosmic rays and formed of four interconnected spheres (lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere). The change in chemical or physical conditions in each
one of these sphere is monitor directly for the others. Several internal and external
processes have a strong effect on modifying the earth climate such as extraterrestrial
impacts, volcanism, and injection of greenhouse gaseous into the atmosphere, these
processes are recorded in the geologic history of the earth as a catastrophic and/or
hyperthermal events. The ecosystem has three different ways to respond to the climate
change; extinction and it is the worst response and is recorded several time in earth
history five of them were major mass extinctions; evolution, in which the Genera
are adapting themselves to the new climatic condition; or rising of new genera. In
several cases, these three scenarios are recorded together in other only one or two of
these scenarios can be observed. To sum up, the study of the paleoclimatic changes
that prevailed in the earth’s history is an important issue to understand the current
climatic changes. Some extinction and hyperthermal events can be used as an analog
for the current changes and help to predict what the future hide for the humankind.
While chapter three is about “Governance and Institutional Structure of Climate
Change in Egypt” focuses on the effective implementation of climate change policies
and strategies in Egypt which requires strong governance and institutional structure.
More coordination between the different stallholders and more effective involvement of the private sector and civil society organizations in the climate change
implementation plans are required.
Successful climate change governance systems should ensure the implementation
of climate policy integration at the national level. This chapter address the governance
and institutional structure of climate change in Egypt listing the different institutions
that are partners to the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) handling
the issues related to climate change in different ministries and sectors in Egypt. The
chapter also covers the environmental policies and legislation in Egypt starting from
the Law 4/1994 as the first environmental protection law in Egypt, listing all related
laws as well as the already implemented projects. The chapter also discusses the
important role of civil society organizations and their active engagement as has been