146
R. R. Shahin
76. Bilandžija D, Zgorelec Z, Kisi´ I (2016) Influence of tillage practices and crop type on soil
CO 2 emissions. Sustainability 8:90. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010090
77. Bilen S, Celik A, Altikat S (2010) Effects of strip and full-width tillage on soil carbon IV
oxide-carbon (CO 2 –C) fluxes and on bacterial and fungal populations in sunflower. Afr J
Biotechnol 9:6312–6319
78. Al-Kaisi MM, Yin XH (2005) Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon
dioxide emission in corn-soybean rotations. J Environ Qual 34:437–445
79. La Scala N, Bolonhezi D, Pereira GT (2006) Short-term soil CO 2 emission after conventional
and reduced tillage of a no-till sugar cane area in southern Brazil. Soil Tillage Res 91:244–248
80. Zheng X, Han S, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang M (2004) Re-quantifying the emission factors based
on field measurements and estimating the direct N 2 O emission from Chinese croplands. Glob
Biogeochem Cycle 18, GB2018
81. Jain N, Pathak H, Mitra S, Bhatia A (2004) Emission of methane from rice fields—a review.
J Sci Ind Res 63:101–115
82. Corbett JE, Tfaily MM, Burdige DJ, Glaser PH, Chanton JP (2015) The relative importance
of methanogenesis in the decomposition of organic matter in northern peatlands. J Geophys
Res Biogeosci 120:280–293. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002797
83. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2006) Global anthropogenic non-CO 2
greenhouse gas emissions: 1990–2020, EPA 430-R-06-003
84. Linquist B, van Groenigen KJ, Adviento-Borbe MA, Pittelkow C, van Kessel C (2012) An
agronomic assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from major cereal crops. Glob Change
Biol 18:194–209
85. van Groenigen KJ, van Kessel C, Hungate BA (2013) Increased greenhouse-gas intensity of
rice production under future atmospheric conditions. Nat Clim Change 3:288–291. https://
doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1712
86. Farag AA, Radwan HA, Abdrabbo MAA, Heggi MAM (2013a) Inventory of the greenhouse
gas Emissions from rice in the Nile Delta by using emission models, Egypt. J Agric Res
91(2b):917–937
87. Farag AA, Radwan HA, Abdrabbo MAA, Heggi MAM, McCarl BA (2013b) Carbon footprint
for paddy rice production in Egypt Nat Sci 11(12):36–45. ISSN: 1545-0740. http://www.
sciencepub.net/nature
88. Smith JB, McCarl BA, Kirshen P, Jones R, Deck L, Abdrabo MA, Borhan M, El-Ganzori A,
El-Shamy M, Hassan M, El-Shinnawy I, Abrabou M, Hassanein MK, El-Agizy M, Bayoumi
M, Hynninen R (2014) Egypt’s economic vulnerability to climate change. Int Res Clim Res
62:59–70. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01257
89. Tubiello FN, Salvatore M, Condor Golec RD, Ferrara AF, Rossi S, Biancalani R, Federici S,
Jacobs H, Flammini A (2014) Agriculture, forestry and other land use emissions by sources
and removals by Sinks. ESS working paper no. 2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome
90. van der Werf G, Randerson J, Giglio L (2010) Global fire emissions and the contribution
of deforestation, svanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997–2009). Atmos Chem Phys
10:11707–11735
91. Streets DG, Yarber KF, Woo J-H, Carmichael GR (2003) Biomass burning in Asia: annual and
seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochem Cycles 17:1099–1118.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002040
92. Arai H, Hosen Y, Hong VP, Th NT, Huu CN, Inubushi K (2015) Greenhouse gas emissions
from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the
Mekong Delta. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 61(4):719–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2015.
1041862
93. Gadde B, Bonnet S, Menke C, Garivait S (2009) Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open
field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines. Environ Pollut 157:1554–1558. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.004
94. Said N, EL-Shatoury SA, Diaz LF, Zamorano M (2013) Quantitative appraisal of biomass
resources and their energy potential in Egypt. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 24:84–91
R. R. Shahin
76. Bilandžija D, Zgorelec Z, Kisi´ I (2016) Influence of tillage practices and crop type on soil
CO 2 emissions. Sustainability 8:90. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010090
77. Bilen S, Celik A, Altikat S (2010) Effects of strip and full-width tillage on soil carbon IV
oxide-carbon (CO 2 –C) fluxes and on bacterial and fungal populations in sunflower. Afr J
Biotechnol 9:6312–6319
78. Al-Kaisi MM, Yin XH (2005) Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon
dioxide emission in corn-soybean rotations. J Environ Qual 34:437–445
79. La Scala N, Bolonhezi D, Pereira GT (2006) Short-term soil CO 2 emission after conventional
and reduced tillage of a no-till sugar cane area in southern Brazil. Soil Tillage Res 91:244–248
80. Zheng X, Han S, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang M (2004) Re-quantifying the emission factors based
on field measurements and estimating the direct N 2 O emission from Chinese croplands. Glob
Biogeochem Cycle 18, GB2018
81. Jain N, Pathak H, Mitra S, Bhatia A (2004) Emission of methane from rice fields—a review.
J Sci Ind Res 63:101–115
82. Corbett JE, Tfaily MM, Burdige DJ, Glaser PH, Chanton JP (2015) The relative importance
of methanogenesis in the decomposition of organic matter in northern peatlands. J Geophys
Res Biogeosci 120:280–293. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002797
83. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2006) Global anthropogenic non-CO 2
greenhouse gas emissions: 1990–2020, EPA 430-R-06-003
84. Linquist B, van Groenigen KJ, Adviento-Borbe MA, Pittelkow C, van Kessel C (2012) An
agronomic assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from major cereal crops. Glob Change
Biol 18:194–209
85. van Groenigen KJ, van Kessel C, Hungate BA (2013) Increased greenhouse-gas intensity of
rice production under future atmospheric conditions. Nat Clim Change 3:288–291. https://
doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1712
86. Farag AA, Radwan HA, Abdrabbo MAA, Heggi MAM (2013a) Inventory of the greenhouse
gas Emissions from rice in the Nile Delta by using emission models, Egypt. J Agric Res
91(2b):917–937
87. Farag AA, Radwan HA, Abdrabbo MAA, Heggi MAM, McCarl BA (2013b) Carbon footprint
for paddy rice production in Egypt Nat Sci 11(12):36–45. ISSN: 1545-0740. http://www.
sciencepub.net/nature
88. Smith JB, McCarl BA, Kirshen P, Jones R, Deck L, Abdrabo MA, Borhan M, El-Ganzori A,
El-Shamy M, Hassan M, El-Shinnawy I, Abrabou M, Hassanein MK, El-Agizy M, Bayoumi
M, Hynninen R (2014) Egypt’s economic vulnerability to climate change. Int Res Clim Res
62:59–70. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01257
89. Tubiello FN, Salvatore M, Condor Golec RD, Ferrara AF, Rossi S, Biancalani R, Federici S,
Jacobs H, Flammini A (2014) Agriculture, forestry and other land use emissions by sources
and removals by Sinks. ESS working paper no. 2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome
90. van der Werf G, Randerson J, Giglio L (2010) Global fire emissions and the contribution
of deforestation, svanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997–2009). Atmos Chem Phys
10:11707–11735
91. Streets DG, Yarber KF, Woo J-H, Carmichael GR (2003) Biomass burning in Asia: annual and
seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochem Cycles 17:1099–1118.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002040
92. Arai H, Hosen Y, Hong VP, Th NT, Huu CN, Inubushi K (2015) Greenhouse gas emissions
from rice straw burning and straw-mushroom cultivation in a triple rice cropping system in the
Mekong Delta. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 61(4):719–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2015.
1041862
93. Gadde B, Bonnet S, Menke C, Garivait S (2009) Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open
field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines. Environ Pollut 157:1554–1558. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.004
94. Said N, EL-Shatoury SA, Diaz LF, Zamorano M (2013) Quantitative appraisal of biomass
resources and their energy potential in Egypt. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 24:84–91