Soils as Driver and Victim of Climate Change in Egypt
135
4.2 Impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR) on Soils of Egypt
The potential impacts of climate change on coastal regions include progressive inundation from sea-level rise, loss of wetlands, and increased salinity from saltwater intrusion. Worldwide, currently, about 600 million people, which may increase
to about one billion by 2050, inhabit low-elevation coastal zones that will be
affected by progressive salinization [136, 137]. Previous research suggests significant
agricultural productivity losses from rising soil salinity [138].
Results of SLR values confirmed that the values are varied from location to
another west to east along northern Nile Delta, so the values of SLR at Port Said
are greater than values at Alexandria. Also, the predicted values of SLR using pessimistic (4.0 °C) scenario are the double of the values of optimistic (1.8 °C) scenario.
Recently, El Shinnawy [139] stated that the expected SLR till 2100 by the projected
increase in air temperature (1.8 °C) is 28 cm ASLR at Alexandria 35.0 at Al-Burullus
and 72.5 at Port Said (Fig. 12).
4.2.1 Submerged Lands and Soil Waterlogging
Impact of climate changes on coastal zones was investigated by Coastal Research
Institute (CoRI), Netherlands (1989–1992). The study at that time has estimated the
sea level rise impact on all the entire coastal zones of Egypt (3500 km) in terms
of quality and quantity. The study focused on the Nile Delta coast as it has been
considered the most vulnerable area in the coastal zones of Egypt [140]. El Shinnawy
[139] had estimated the impacts of sea level rise on the area of submerged lands if
water has raisin by 1, 2, and 3 m (Fig. 13).
Worst scenarios of SLR effects along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt was studied
[141]. The computed maximum run-up heights in the front of the Delta are about 9.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2025
2050
2075
2100
Sea Level Rise (SLR) cm
Alex
Burullus
Port-Said
Fig. 12 The projected trend of sea level rise (ASLR) for (1.8 °C) scenario along the Nile Delta
Coast until 2100. Data extracted from El Shinnawy et al. [139]
135
4.2 Impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR) on Soils of Egypt
The potential impacts of climate change on coastal regions include progressive inundation from sea-level rise, loss of wetlands, and increased salinity from saltwater intrusion. Worldwide, currently, about 600 million people, which may increase
to about one billion by 2050, inhabit low-elevation coastal zones that will be
affected by progressive salinization [136, 137]. Previous research suggests significant
agricultural productivity losses from rising soil salinity [138].
Results of SLR values confirmed that the values are varied from location to
another west to east along northern Nile Delta, so the values of SLR at Port Said
are greater than values at Alexandria. Also, the predicted values of SLR using pessimistic (4.0 °C) scenario are the double of the values of optimistic (1.8 °C) scenario.
Recently, El Shinnawy [139] stated that the expected SLR till 2100 by the projected
increase in air temperature (1.8 °C) is 28 cm ASLR at Alexandria 35.0 at Al-Burullus
and 72.5 at Port Said (Fig. 12).
4.2.1 Submerged Lands and Soil Waterlogging
Impact of climate changes on coastal zones was investigated by Coastal Research
Institute (CoRI), Netherlands (1989–1992). The study at that time has estimated the
sea level rise impact on all the entire coastal zones of Egypt (3500 km) in terms
of quality and quantity. The study focused on the Nile Delta coast as it has been
considered the most vulnerable area in the coastal zones of Egypt [140]. El Shinnawy
[139] had estimated the impacts of sea level rise on the area of submerged lands if
water has raisin by 1, 2, and 3 m (Fig. 13).
Worst scenarios of SLR effects along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt was studied
[141]. The computed maximum run-up heights in the front of the Delta are about 9.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2025
2050
2075
2100
Sea Level Rise (SLR) cm
Alex
Burullus
Port-Said
Fig. 12 The projected trend of sea level rise (ASLR) for (1.8 °C) scenario along the Nile Delta
Coast until 2100. Data extracted from El Shinnawy et al. [139]