Impact of Climate Change on Plant-Associated Fungi
93
Arduino microcontroller with built-in memory and RAM, and Zigbee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using small, low-power
digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard networks. Remote wireless sensor
nodes through the integration with GSM were tested [34–36] and the high rate of
return on investment (ROI) on WSN’s control has attracted a large number of small
to middle-level agricultural investors and stakeholders who tend to have a more scientific background than traditional farmers. WSN is currently being used as a means
to address and raise awareness as to what governmental decisions to be taken on the
National level to become self-reliant in producing its own food. Moreover evaluating economical potentials, in return would definitely provide the user with means to
examine and assess the profitability of the system under many alternative scenarios
[10].
Other technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) are also used to compete for the picture by obtaining
accurate maps and models for the agricultural field [41]. GIS uses an analytic framework to manage and integrate data, solve problems and understand a past problem
or predict an upcoming one. Remote sensing and actuation have become a solution
to rectify a problem. In conclusion, more effort is needed from scientists and policymakers to understand the impacts of climate change and mitigate its detrimental
effects on agriculture and the quality of life. Multi-factorial ecological studies are
essential for increasing this understanding.
9 Conclusions
Whether we like it or not, climate change will continue to occur in the future laying
its heavy impact on every agricultural-related element. To overcome the effects of
climate change and find solutions to reach food security, it has become very crucial
to use Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools such as wireless sensor
networks and actuators to predict the change by making important decisions ahead,
these ICT tools are perceived now as indispensable tools for precision farming in
Egypt. Decisions of where what and when to plant, as well as planning irrigation
scheduling and fertilization, will soon be automated decisions required to reach
the highest crop yield, and thus closing the food gap. On the other hand, finding
solutions to shifts in soil microbial community and deterioration of plant produce
under extreme climate conditions can be addressed using biotechnology tools such
as genetic modification, stress tolerance induction, and synthetic biology to obtain
new breeds that tolerate climate change increase productivity or enhance carbon
sequestration. Molecular biology is expected to play another role which is developing
new tools for solar energy conversion because a huge percentage of CO 2 emissions
are attributed to agricultural emissions. Harnessing the energy from photosynthesis is
also another biotechnology application that will add an ecological dimension through
mitigating greenhouse gases produced from conventional energy production, this will
consequently aid in preserving the environment and biodiversity.
93
Arduino microcontroller with built-in memory and RAM, and Zigbee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using small, low-power
digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard networks. Remote wireless sensor
nodes through the integration with GSM were tested [34–36] and the high rate of
return on investment (ROI) on WSN’s control has attracted a large number of small
to middle-level agricultural investors and stakeholders who tend to have a more scientific background than traditional farmers. WSN is currently being used as a means
to address and raise awareness as to what governmental decisions to be taken on the
National level to become self-reliant in producing its own food. Moreover evaluating economical potentials, in return would definitely provide the user with means to
examine and assess the profitability of the system under many alternative scenarios
[10].
Other technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) are also used to compete for the picture by obtaining
accurate maps and models for the agricultural field [41]. GIS uses an analytic framework to manage and integrate data, solve problems and understand a past problem
or predict an upcoming one. Remote sensing and actuation have become a solution
to rectify a problem. In conclusion, more effort is needed from scientists and policymakers to understand the impacts of climate change and mitigate its detrimental
effects on agriculture and the quality of life. Multi-factorial ecological studies are
essential for increasing this understanding.
9 Conclusions
Whether we like it or not, climate change will continue to occur in the future laying
its heavy impact on every agricultural-related element. To overcome the effects of
climate change and find solutions to reach food security, it has become very crucial
to use Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools such as wireless sensor
networks and actuators to predict the change by making important decisions ahead,
these ICT tools are perceived now as indispensable tools for precision farming in
Egypt. Decisions of where what and when to plant, as well as planning irrigation
scheduling and fertilization, will soon be automated decisions required to reach
the highest crop yield, and thus closing the food gap. On the other hand, finding
solutions to shifts in soil microbial community and deterioration of plant produce
under extreme climate conditions can be addressed using biotechnology tools such
as genetic modification, stress tolerance induction, and synthetic biology to obtain
new breeds that tolerate climate change increase productivity or enhance carbon
sequestration. Molecular biology is expected to play another role which is developing
new tools for solar energy conversion because a huge percentage of CO 2 emissions
are attributed to agricultural emissions. Harnessing the energy from photosynthesis is
also another biotechnology application that will add an ecological dimension through
mitigating greenhouse gases produced from conventional energy production, this will
consequently aid in preserving the environment and biodiversity.