Worldwide Occurrence, Detection, and Fate
of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
in Water
Lucila I. Castro-Pastrana, Erika Palacios-Rosas, M. Luisa Toledo-Wall,
and Mónica Cerro-López
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2 Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3 Saline Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4 Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5 Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6 Discussion and Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Abstract Finding over-the-counter drugs such as NSAIDs in wastewater is somewhat expected and understandable; however, finding them on surface or groundwater is more worrisome as it demonstrates, in part, the inefficiency of the methods used
today to treat wastewater as well as practices of inadequate use and indiscriminate
disposal of these emerging contaminants.
The objective of this chapter is to provide a systematic review of the worldwide
occurrence of NSAIDs in three environmental reservoirs of water (saline and fresh
and groundwater) and in drinking water.
Our results showed that the worldwide distribution of studies on the subject is
practically concentrated in Asia and Europe. Acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen,
indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid, and salicylates are the
NSAIDs investigated and most frequently detected in all studies.
L. I. Castro-Pastrana (*), M. L. Toledo-Wall, and M. Cerro-López
Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula,
México
e-mail: lucila.castro@udlap.mx
E. Palacios-Rosas
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula, México
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván (ed.), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
in Water: Emerging Contaminants and Ecological Impact,
Hdb Env Chem (2020) 96: 55–82, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_542,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 9 July 2020
55
of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
in Water
Lucila I. Castro-Pastrana, Erika Palacios-Rosas, M. Luisa Toledo-Wall,
and Mónica Cerro-López
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2 Fresh Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3 Saline Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4 Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5 Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6 Discussion and Final Thoughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Abstract Finding over-the-counter drugs such as NSAIDs in wastewater is somewhat expected and understandable; however, finding them on surface or groundwater is more worrisome as it demonstrates, in part, the inefficiency of the methods used
today to treat wastewater as well as practices of inadequate use and indiscriminate
disposal of these emerging contaminants.
The objective of this chapter is to provide a systematic review of the worldwide
occurrence of NSAIDs in three environmental reservoirs of water (saline and fresh
and groundwater) and in drinking water.
Our results showed that the worldwide distribution of studies on the subject is
practically concentrated in Asia and Europe. Acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen,
indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid, and salicylates are the
NSAIDs investigated and most frequently detected in all studies.
L. I. Castro-Pastrana (*), M. L. Toledo-Wall, and M. Cerro-López
Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula,
México
e-mail: lucila.castro@udlap.mx
E. Palacios-Rosas
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula, México
Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván (ed.), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
in Water: Emerging Contaminants and Ecological Impact,
Hdb Env Chem (2020) 96: 55–82, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_542,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 9 July 2020
55