68. Marsik P, Rezek J, Židková M, Kramulová B, Tauchen J, Vaněk T (2017) Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the watercourses of Elbe basin in Czech Republic. Chemosphere
171:97–105
69. Buser HR, Poiger T, Müller MD (1998) Occurrence and fate of the pharmaceutical drug
diclofenac in surface waters: rapid photodegradation in a lake. Environ Sci Technol 32
(22):3449–3456
70. Heberer T, Mechlinski A, Fanck B, Knappe A, Massmann G, Pekdeger A, Fritz B (2004) Field
studies on the fate and transport of pharmaceutical residues in bank filtration. Groundwater
Monit Rem 24(2):70–77
71. Nebot C, Gibb SW, Boyd KG (2007) Quantification of human pharmaceuticals in water
samples by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal
Chim Acta 598(1):87–94
72. Kimura K, Hara H, Watanabe Y (2007) Elimination of selected acidic pharmaceuticals from
municipal wastewater by an activated sludge system and membrane bioreactors. Environ Sci
Technol 41(10):3708–3714
73. Chenxi W, Spongberg AL, Witter JD (2008) Determination of the persistence of pharmaceuticals in biosolids using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 73
(4):511–518
74. Scheurell M, Franke S, Shah RM, Hühnerfuss H (2009) Occurrence of diclofenac and its
metabolites in surface water and effluent samples from Karachi, Pakistan. Chemosphere 77
(6):870–876
75. Radjenović J, Jelić A, Petrović M, Barceló D (2009) Determination of pharmaceuticals in
sewage sludge by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled to liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 393(6–7):1685–1695
76. Meyer B, Pailler JY, Guignard C, Hoffmann L, Krein A (2011) Concentrations of dissolved
herbicides and pharmaceuticals in a small river in Luxembourg. Environ Monitor Assess 180
(1-4):127–146
77. Fang TH, Nan FH, Chin TS, Feng HM (2012) The occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutical compounds in the effluents of a major sewage treatment plant in Northern Taiwan and
the receiving coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 64(7):1435–1444
78. Reinholds I, Pugajeva I, Zacs D, Lundanes E, Rusko J, Perkons I, Bartkevics V (2017)
Determination of acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic samples by liquid
chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with carbon nanotubes-based
solid-phase extraction. Environ Monit Assess 189(11):568
79. Buser HR, Poiger T, Müller MD (1999) Occurrence and environmental behavior of the chiral
pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen in surface waters and in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 33
(15):2529–2535
80. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT (2002)
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams,
1999–2000: a national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36(6):1202–1211
81. Moldovan Z (2006) Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as
micropollutants in rivers from Romania. Chemosphere 64(11):1808–1817
82. Kim JW, Jang HS, Kim JG, Ishibashi H, Hirano M, Nasu K et al (2009) Occurrence of
pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water from Mankyung River,
South Korea. J Health Sci 55(2):249–258
83. K’oreje KO, Demeestere K, De Wispelaere P, Vergeynst L, Dewulf J, Van Langenhove H
(2012) From multi-residue screening to target analysis of pharmaceuticals in water: development of a new approach based on magnetic sector mass spectrometry and application in the
Nairobi River basin, Kenya. Sci Total Environ 437:153–164
84. Loos R, Tavazzi S, Paracchini B, Canuti E, Weissteiner C (2013) Analysis of polar organic
contaminants in surface water of the northern Adriatic Sea by solid-phase extraction followed
by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography–QTRAP® MS using a hybrid triple-quadrupole
linear ion trap instrument. Anal Bioanal Chem 405(18):5875–5885
Introduction and Historical Findings That Focused Nonsteroidal. . .
37
171:97–105
69. Buser HR, Poiger T, Müller MD (1998) Occurrence and fate of the pharmaceutical drug
diclofenac in surface waters: rapid photodegradation in a lake. Environ Sci Technol 32
(22):3449–3456
70. Heberer T, Mechlinski A, Fanck B, Knappe A, Massmann G, Pekdeger A, Fritz B (2004) Field
studies on the fate and transport of pharmaceutical residues in bank filtration. Groundwater
Monit Rem 24(2):70–77
71. Nebot C, Gibb SW, Boyd KG (2007) Quantification of human pharmaceuticals in water
samples by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal
Chim Acta 598(1):87–94
72. Kimura K, Hara H, Watanabe Y (2007) Elimination of selected acidic pharmaceuticals from
municipal wastewater by an activated sludge system and membrane bioreactors. Environ Sci
Technol 41(10):3708–3714
73. Chenxi W, Spongberg AL, Witter JD (2008) Determination of the persistence of pharmaceuticals in biosolids using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 73
(4):511–518
74. Scheurell M, Franke S, Shah RM, Hühnerfuss H (2009) Occurrence of diclofenac and its
metabolites in surface water and effluent samples from Karachi, Pakistan. Chemosphere 77
(6):870–876
75. Radjenović J, Jelić A, Petrović M, Barceló D (2009) Determination of pharmaceuticals in
sewage sludge by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled to liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 393(6–7):1685–1695
76. Meyer B, Pailler JY, Guignard C, Hoffmann L, Krein A (2011) Concentrations of dissolved
herbicides and pharmaceuticals in a small river in Luxembourg. Environ Monitor Assess 180
(1-4):127–146
77. Fang TH, Nan FH, Chin TS, Feng HM (2012) The occurrence and distribution of pharmaceutical compounds in the effluents of a major sewage treatment plant in Northern Taiwan and
the receiving coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 64(7):1435–1444
78. Reinholds I, Pugajeva I, Zacs D, Lundanes E, Rusko J, Perkons I, Bartkevics V (2017)
Determination of acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic samples by liquid
chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with carbon nanotubes-based
solid-phase extraction. Environ Monit Assess 189(11):568
79. Buser HR, Poiger T, Müller MD (1999) Occurrence and environmental behavior of the chiral
pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen in surface waters and in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 33
(15):2529–2535
80. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT (2002)
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams,
1999–2000: a national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36(6):1202–1211
81. Moldovan Z (2006) Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as
micropollutants in rivers from Romania. Chemosphere 64(11):1808–1817
82. Kim JW, Jang HS, Kim JG, Ishibashi H, Hirano M, Nasu K et al (2009) Occurrence of
pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water from Mankyung River,
South Korea. J Health Sci 55(2):249–258
83. K’oreje KO, Demeestere K, De Wispelaere P, Vergeynst L, Dewulf J, Van Langenhove H
(2012) From multi-residue screening to target analysis of pharmaceuticals in water: development of a new approach based on magnetic sector mass spectrometry and application in the
Nairobi River basin, Kenya. Sci Total Environ 437:153–164
84. Loos R, Tavazzi S, Paracchini B, Canuti E, Weissteiner C (2013) Analysis of polar organic
contaminants in surface water of the northern Adriatic Sea by solid-phase extraction followed
by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography–QTRAP® MS using a hybrid triple-quadrupole
linear ion trap instrument. Anal Bioanal Chem 405(18):5875–5885
Introduction and Historical Findings That Focused Nonsteroidal. . .
37