33. Metcalfe CD, Koenig BG, Bennie DT, Servos M, Ternes TA, Hirsch R (2003) Occurrence of
neutral and acidic drugs in the effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants. Environ Toxicol
Chem: Int J 22(12):2872–2880
34. Thomas PM, Foster GD (2005) Tracking acidic pharmaceuticals, caffeine, and triclosan
through the wastewater treatment process. Environ Toxicol Chem Int J 24(1):25–30
35. Sim WJ, Lee JW, Oh JE (2010) Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in wastewater
treatment plants and rivers in Korea. Environ Pollut 158(5):1938–1947
36. Stumpf M, Ternes TA, Wilken RD, Rodrigues SV, Baumann W (1999) Polar drug residues in
sewage and natural waters in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 225
(1-2):135–141
37. Metcalfe CD, Miao XS, Koenig BG, Struger J (2003) Distribution of acidic and neutral drugs
in surface waters near sewage treatment plants in the lower Great Lakes, Canada. Environ
Toxicol Chem Int J 22(12):2881–2889
38. Tixier C, Singer HP, Oellers S, Müller SR (2003) Occurrence and fate of carbamazepine,
clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in surface waters. Environ Sci
Technol 37(6):1061–1068
39. Quintana JB, Reemtsma T (2004) Sensitive determination of acidic drugs and triclosan in
surface and wastewater by ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(7):765–774
40. Vieno NM, Tuhkanen T, Kronberg L (2005) Seasonal variation in the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in effluents from a sewage treatment plant and in the recipient water. Environ Sci
Technol 39(21):8220–8226
41. Kosjek T, Heath E, Krbavčič A (2005) Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAIDs) residues in water samples. Environ Int 31(5):679–685
42. Togola A, Budzinski H (2007) Analytical development for analysis of pharmaceuticals in
water samples by SPE and GC–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 388(3):627–635
43. Farré M, Petrovic M, Gros M, Kosjek T, Martinez E, Heath E et al (2008) First interlaboratory
exercise on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs analysis in environmental samples. Talanta
76(3):580–590
44. Togola A, Budzinski H (2008) Multi-residue analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in
aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 1177(1):150–158
45. Heath E, Kosjek T, Farre M, Quintana JB, De Alencastro LF, Castiglioni S et al (2010) Second
interlaboratory exercise on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug analysis in environmental
aqueous samples. Talanta 81(4-5):1189–1196
46. Lin AYC, Panchangam SC, Chen HY (2010) Implications of human pharmaceutical occurrence in the Sindian river of Taiwan: a strategic study of risk assessment. J Environ Monit 12
(1):261–270
47. Yoon Y, Ryu J, Oh J, Choi BG, Snyder SA (2010) Occurrence of endocrine disrupting
compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South
Korea). Sci Total Environ 408(3):636–643
48. Samaras VG, Thomaidis NS, Stasinakis AS, Gatidou G, Lekkas TD (2010) Determination of
selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewater by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. Int J Environ Anal Chem 90(3-6):219–229
49. Sagristà E, Larsson E, Ezoddin M, Hidalgo M, Salvadó V, Jönsson JÅ (2010) Determination
of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge by direct hollow fiber supported
liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A
1217(40):6153–6158
50. Helenkar A, Sebők Á, Záray G, Molnár-Perl I, Vasanits-Zsigrai A (2010) The role of the
acquisition methods in the analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Danube
River by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 82(2):600–607
51. Wu J, Qian X, Yang Z, Zhang L (2010) Study on the matrix effect in the determination of
selected pharmaceutical residues in seawater by solid-phase extraction and ultra-highIntroduction and Historical Findings That Focused Nonsteroidal. . .
35
neutral and acidic drugs in the effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants. Environ Toxicol
Chem: Int J 22(12):2872–2880
34. Thomas PM, Foster GD (2005) Tracking acidic pharmaceuticals, caffeine, and triclosan
through the wastewater treatment process. Environ Toxicol Chem Int J 24(1):25–30
35. Sim WJ, Lee JW, Oh JE (2010) Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in wastewater
treatment plants and rivers in Korea. Environ Pollut 158(5):1938–1947
36. Stumpf M, Ternes TA, Wilken RD, Rodrigues SV, Baumann W (1999) Polar drug residues in
sewage and natural waters in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 225
(1-2):135–141
37. Metcalfe CD, Miao XS, Koenig BG, Struger J (2003) Distribution of acidic and neutral drugs
in surface waters near sewage treatment plants in the lower Great Lakes, Canada. Environ
Toxicol Chem Int J 22(12):2881–2889
38. Tixier C, Singer HP, Oellers S, Müller SR (2003) Occurrence and fate of carbamazepine,
clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in surface waters. Environ Sci
Technol 37(6):1061–1068
39. Quintana JB, Reemtsma T (2004) Sensitive determination of acidic drugs and triclosan in
surface and wastewater by ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(7):765–774
40. Vieno NM, Tuhkanen T, Kronberg L (2005) Seasonal variation in the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in effluents from a sewage treatment plant and in the recipient water. Environ Sci
Technol 39(21):8220–8226
41. Kosjek T, Heath E, Krbavčič A (2005) Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAIDs) residues in water samples. Environ Int 31(5):679–685
42. Togola A, Budzinski H (2007) Analytical development for analysis of pharmaceuticals in
water samples by SPE and GC–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 388(3):627–635
43. Farré M, Petrovic M, Gros M, Kosjek T, Martinez E, Heath E et al (2008) First interlaboratory
exercise on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs analysis in environmental samples. Talanta
76(3):580–590
44. Togola A, Budzinski H (2008) Multi-residue analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in
aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 1177(1):150–158
45. Heath E, Kosjek T, Farre M, Quintana JB, De Alencastro LF, Castiglioni S et al (2010) Second
interlaboratory exercise on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug analysis in environmental
aqueous samples. Talanta 81(4-5):1189–1196
46. Lin AYC, Panchangam SC, Chen HY (2010) Implications of human pharmaceutical occurrence in the Sindian river of Taiwan: a strategic study of risk assessment. J Environ Monit 12
(1):261–270
47. Yoon Y, Ryu J, Oh J, Choi BG, Snyder SA (2010) Occurrence of endocrine disrupting
compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South
Korea). Sci Total Environ 408(3):636–643
48. Samaras VG, Thomaidis NS, Stasinakis AS, Gatidou G, Lekkas TD (2010) Determination of
selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wastewater by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. Int J Environ Anal Chem 90(3-6):219–229
49. Sagristà E, Larsson E, Ezoddin M, Hidalgo M, Salvadó V, Jönsson JÅ (2010) Determination
of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge by direct hollow fiber supported
liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A
1217(40):6153–6158
50. Helenkar A, Sebők Á, Záray G, Molnár-Perl I, Vasanits-Zsigrai A (2010) The role of the
acquisition methods in the analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Danube
River by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 82(2):600–607
51. Wu J, Qian X, Yang Z, Zhang L (2010) Study on the matrix effect in the determination of
selected pharmaceutical residues in seawater by solid-phase extraction and ultra-highIntroduction and Historical Findings That Focused Nonsteroidal. . .
35