The histological alterations produced by ASA in freshwater fish were studied by
Nunes et al. [103]. They chronically exposed brown trout juveniles to this drug, in
order to assess its histological effects in the liver and gills. After 28 days of exposure,
both tissues showed several degenerative alterations such as aneurisms, hemorrhagic
signals, vacuolization, inflammation, and necrosis.
4.5 Naproxen
Studies in zebrafish and common carp have demonstrated NPX may alter the
embryonic development of freshwater fish. Li et al. [122] exposed Danio rerio
embryos and larvae to multiple concentrations of this pollutant. According to their
results, embryos exposed to NPX showed more sensitivity than larvae. Furthermore,
several developmental abnormalities were found in both larvae and embryos, after
120 h of exposure. On the other hand, Sehonova et al. [123] confirmed subchronic
exposure to NPX had harmful effects on the development and growth of
common carp.
In order to assess the histopathological effects induced by NPX in fish, Stancova
et al. [121] exposed zebrafish adults to concentrations of environmental relevance.
After 2 weeks of exposure, the gills and liver showed structural alterations, such as
hyperemia, desquamation of epithelium, edema, and steatosis.
4.6 Ketoprofen
Unlike IBF, KTP did not show a significant bioaccumulation in in Mytilus
galloprovincialis mussels exposed to 25 μg/L of this NSAID. However, after
14 days of exposure, KTP induced the alteration of some immunological parameters
and inhibited the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, in this marine
organisms [7].
In an effort to assess the ecotoxicity of KTP, Rangasamy et al. [126] exposed
embryos and adults of zebrafish to different concentrations of this pollutant. After
96 h of exposure, developmental abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, delayed
hatching, and scoliosis, were observed in zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, in
zebrafish adults, KTP decreased significantly the levels of several enzymatic and
nonenzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, structural alterations in liver tissue were
found at concentrations of environmental relevance.
Introduction and Historical Findings That Focused Nonsteroidal. . .
31
Nunes et al. [103]. They chronically exposed brown trout juveniles to this drug, in
order to assess its histological effects in the liver and gills. After 28 days of exposure,
both tissues showed several degenerative alterations such as aneurisms, hemorrhagic
signals, vacuolization, inflammation, and necrosis.
4.5 Naproxen
Studies in zebrafish and common carp have demonstrated NPX may alter the
embryonic development of freshwater fish. Li et al. [122] exposed Danio rerio
embryos and larvae to multiple concentrations of this pollutant. According to their
results, embryos exposed to NPX showed more sensitivity than larvae. Furthermore,
several developmental abnormalities were found in both larvae and embryos, after
120 h of exposure. On the other hand, Sehonova et al. [123] confirmed subchronic
exposure to NPX had harmful effects on the development and growth of
common carp.
In order to assess the histopathological effects induced by NPX in fish, Stancova
et al. [121] exposed zebrafish adults to concentrations of environmental relevance.
After 2 weeks of exposure, the gills and liver showed structural alterations, such as
hyperemia, desquamation of epithelium, edema, and steatosis.
4.6 Ketoprofen
Unlike IBF, KTP did not show a significant bioaccumulation in in Mytilus
galloprovincialis mussels exposed to 25 μg/L of this NSAID. However, after
14 days of exposure, KTP induced the alteration of some immunological parameters
and inhibited the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, in this marine
organisms [7].
In an effort to assess the ecotoxicity of KTP, Rangasamy et al. [126] exposed
embryos and adults of zebrafish to different concentrations of this pollutant. After
96 h of exposure, developmental abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, delayed
hatching, and scoliosis, were observed in zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, in
zebrafish adults, KTP decreased significantly the levels of several enzymatic and
nonenzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, structural alterations in liver tissue were
found at concentrations of environmental relevance.
Introduction and Historical Findings That Focused Nonsteroidal. . .
31