Table 2 Main metabolites of NSAIDs
Drug
Metabolites
Source
Phenazone
4-Hydroxyantipyrine
Norantipyrine
3-Hydroxyantipyrine
Eichelbaum et al. [20]
Paracetamol
Paracetamol glucuronide
Paracetamol sulfate
3-Methoxy paracetamol
N-Acetyl-p-benzo quinoneimine
Cysteine paracetamol
Mercapturate paracetamol
Forrest et al. [21]
Acetylsalicylic
acid
Salicyluric acid
Salicyl phenolic glucuronide
Salicylic acid
Salicyl acyl glucuronide
Gentisic acid
Reidl [22]
Fenoprofen
4
0 -Hydroxyfenoprofen
Fenoprofen acyl glucuronide
Volland et al. [23]
Naproxen
6-O-desmethylnaproxen
6-O-desmethylnaproxen acyl glucuronide
Naproxen acyl glucuronide
Davies and Anderson [24]
Diclofenac
3
0 -Hydroxydiclofenac
3
0 -Hydroxy-4
0 -methoxydiclofenac
4
0 -Hydroxydiclofenac
4
0 ,5-Dihydroxydiclofenac
5-Hydroxydiclofenac
Diclofenac acyl glucuronide
p-Benzoquinone imine of 5-hydroxydiclofenac
Davies and Anderson [25],
Tang [26]
Ibuprofen
1-Hydoxyibuprofen
2-Hydroxyibuprofen
3-Hydroxyibuprofen
Carboxyibuprofen
Ibuprofen acyl glucuronide
Davies [27]
Indomethacin
O-Desmethylindomethacin
N-Deschlorobenzoylindomethacin
O-Desmethyl-Ndeschlorobenzoylindomethacin
Nakajima et al. [28]
Nimesulide
2-(4
0 -hydroxyphenoxy)-4-nitromethanesulfonanilide
2-(4
0 -hydroxyphenoxy)-4-N-acetylamino-methanesulfonanilide
2-Phenoxy-4-amino-methanesulfonanilide
2-(4
0 -hydroxyphenoxy)-4-aminomethanesulfonanilide
2-Phenoxy-4-N-acetylaminomethanesulfonanilide
Bernareggi [29]
Mefenamic
acid
Mefenamyl-S-acyl-glutathione thioester
Mefenamyl-1-β-O-acyl glucuronide
Mefenamyl-S-acyl-CoA thioester
Grillo et al. [30]
(continued)
6
G. A. Elizalde-Velázquez and L. M. Gómez-Oliván