52. Huber C, Bartha B, Harpaintner R, Schröder P (2009) Metabolism of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in plants – two independent pathways result in the formation of a glutathione and a
glucose conjugate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16:206–213
53. Rede D, Santos LHMLM, Ramos S, Oliva-Teles F, Antão C, Sousa SR, Delerue-Matos C
(2019) Individual and mixture toxicity evaluation of three pharmaceuticals to the germination
and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Sci Total Environ 673:102–109
54. Pino MR, Muñiz S, Val J, Navarro E (2016) Phytotoxicity of 15 common pharmaceuticals on
the germination of Lactuca sativa and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 23:22530–22541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7446-y
55. An J, Zhou Q, Sun F, Zhang L (2009) Ecotoxicological effects of paracetamol on seed
germination and seedling development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Hazard Mater 169
(1-3):751–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.011
56. Kummerová M, Zezulka Š, Babula P, Tříska J (2016) Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor. J Hazard
Mater 302:351–361
57. Nunes B, Pinto G, Martins L, Gonçalves F, Antunes SC (2014) Biochemical and standard toxic
effects of acetaminophen on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 21:10815–10822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3059-5
58. Brandão FP, Pereira JL, Gonçalves F, Nunes B (2011) The impact of paracetamol on selected
biomarkers of the mollusk species Corbicula fluminea. Environ Toxicol 29(1):74–83. https://
doi.org/10.1002/tox.20774
59. Antunes SC, Freitas R, Figueira E, Gonçalves F, Nunes B (2013) Biochemical effects of
acetaminophen in aquatic species: edible clams Venerupis decussata and Venerupis
philippinarum. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:6658–6666
60. Correia B, Freitas R, Figueira E, Soares AMVM, Nunes B (2016) Oxidative effects of the
pharmaceutical drug paracetamol on the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum under different
salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol C 179:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.09.006
61. Giménez V, Nunes B (2019) Effects of commonly used therapeutic drugs, paracetamol and
acetylsalicylic acid, on key physiological traits of the sea snail Gibbula umbilicalis. Environ Sci
Pollut Res 26(21):21858–21870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04653-w
62. Freitas R, Coelho D, Pires A, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Nunes B (2015) Preliminary evaluation
of Diopatra neapolitana regenerative capacity as a biomarker for paracetamol exposure. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 22(17):13382–13392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4589-1
63. Soneja A, Drews M, Malinski T (2005) Role of nitric oxide, nitroxidative and oxidative stress in
wound healing. Pharmacol Rep 57:108–119
64. Nusetti OA, Vivenes EZ, Esclapés MM, Rojas A (2005) Antioxidant enzymes and tissue
regeneration in Eurythoe complanata (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) exposed to used vehicle
crankcase oil. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48(4):509–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244004-0041-0
65. Petno O (2014) The effects of antioxidants on cell growth and regeneration in Lumbriculus
variegatus. Connecticut Science and Engineering Fair
66. Masteling RP, Castro BB, Antunes SC, Nunes B (2016) Whole-organism and biomarker
endpoints in Daphnia magna show uncoupling of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in
phenolic derivatives. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 134P1:64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.
2016.08.012
67. Castro BB, Freches AR, Rodrigues M, Nunes B, Antunes SC (2018) Trans-generational effects
of toxicants: an extension of the Daphnia 21-d chronic assay? Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 74
(4):616–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-018-0507-0
68. Ramos AS, Correia AT, Antunes S, Gonçalves F, Nunes B (2014) Effect of acetaminophen
exposure in Oncorhynchus mykiss gills and liver: detoxification mechanisms, oxidative defence
system and peroxidative damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 37(3):1221–1228. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.005
144
B. Nunes
glucose conjugate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16:206–213
53. Rede D, Santos LHMLM, Ramos S, Oliva-Teles F, Antão C, Sousa SR, Delerue-Matos C
(2019) Individual and mixture toxicity evaluation of three pharmaceuticals to the germination
and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Sci Total Environ 673:102–109
54. Pino MR, Muñiz S, Val J, Navarro E (2016) Phytotoxicity of 15 common pharmaceuticals on
the germination of Lactuca sativa and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 23:22530–22541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7446-y
55. An J, Zhou Q, Sun F, Zhang L (2009) Ecotoxicological effects of paracetamol on seed
germination and seedling development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Hazard Mater 169
(1-3):751–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.011
56. Kummerová M, Zezulka Š, Babula P, Tříska J (2016) Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor. J Hazard
Mater 302:351–361
57. Nunes B, Pinto G, Martins L, Gonçalves F, Antunes SC (2014) Biochemical and standard toxic
effects of acetaminophen on the macrophyte species Lemna minor and Lemna gibba. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 21:10815–10822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3059-5
58. Brandão FP, Pereira JL, Gonçalves F, Nunes B (2011) The impact of paracetamol on selected
biomarkers of the mollusk species Corbicula fluminea. Environ Toxicol 29(1):74–83. https://
doi.org/10.1002/tox.20774
59. Antunes SC, Freitas R, Figueira E, Gonçalves F, Nunes B (2013) Biochemical effects of
acetaminophen in aquatic species: edible clams Venerupis decussata and Venerupis
philippinarum. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:6658–6666
60. Correia B, Freitas R, Figueira E, Soares AMVM, Nunes B (2016) Oxidative effects of the
pharmaceutical drug paracetamol on the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum under different
salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol C 179:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.09.006
61. Giménez V, Nunes B (2019) Effects of commonly used therapeutic drugs, paracetamol and
acetylsalicylic acid, on key physiological traits of the sea snail Gibbula umbilicalis. Environ Sci
Pollut Res 26(21):21858–21870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04653-w
62. Freitas R, Coelho D, Pires A, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Nunes B (2015) Preliminary evaluation
of Diopatra neapolitana regenerative capacity as a biomarker for paracetamol exposure. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 22(17):13382–13392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4589-1
63. Soneja A, Drews M, Malinski T (2005) Role of nitric oxide, nitroxidative and oxidative stress in
wound healing. Pharmacol Rep 57:108–119
64. Nusetti OA, Vivenes EZ, Esclapés MM, Rojas A (2005) Antioxidant enzymes and tissue
regeneration in Eurythoe complanata (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) exposed to used vehicle
crankcase oil. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48(4):509–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244004-0041-0
65. Petno O (2014) The effects of antioxidants on cell growth and regeneration in Lumbriculus
variegatus. Connecticut Science and Engineering Fair
66. Masteling RP, Castro BB, Antunes SC, Nunes B (2016) Whole-organism and biomarker
endpoints in Daphnia magna show uncoupling of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in
phenolic derivatives. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 134P1:64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.
2016.08.012
67. Castro BB, Freches AR, Rodrigues M, Nunes B, Antunes SC (2018) Trans-generational effects
of toxicants: an extension of the Daphnia 21-d chronic assay? Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 74
(4):616–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-018-0507-0
68. Ramos AS, Correia AT, Antunes S, Gonçalves F, Nunes B (2014) Effect of acetaminophen
exposure in Oncorhynchus mykiss gills and liver: detoxification mechanisms, oxidative defence
system and peroxidative damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 37(3):1221–1228. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.005
144
B. Nunes