22. Matés JM, Sánchez-Jiménez F (1999) Antioxidant enzymes and their implications in pathophysiologic processes. Front Biosci 4(95):1–29
23. Riley P (1994) Free radicals in biology:oxidative stress and the effects of ionizing radiation. Int
J Radiat Biol 1(4):53
24. Van der Oost R, Beyer J, Vermeulen NPE (2003) Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in
environmental risk assessment: a review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 13(2):57–149. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00126-6
25. Valavanidis A et al (2006) Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in
relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 64(2):178–189. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.013
26. Nowsheen S, Yang ES (2012) The intersection between DNA damage response and cell death
pathways. Exp Oncol 34(3):243–254
27. Wu D et al (2017) Detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of
oxidative damage in peripheral leukocyte DNA by UHPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B
1064:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.033
28. Luzhna L, Kathiria P, Kovalchuk O (2013) Micronuclei in genotoxicity assessment: from
genetics to epigenetics and beyond. Front Genet 4:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.
00131
29. Zhang C-Z et al (2015) Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei. Nature 522
(7555):179–184. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14493
30. Elmore S (2007) Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol 35(4):495–516.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230701320337
31. Aslantürk ÖS (2018) In vitro cytotoxicity and cell viability assays: principles, advantages, and
disadvantages. Genotoxicity – a predictable risk to our actual world. InTech, pp 18. https://doi.
org/10.5772/intechopen.71923
32. McIlwain DR, Berger T, Mak TW (2013) Caspase functions in cell death and disease. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5(4):a008656. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a008656
33. Vasseur P, Cossu-Leguille C (2003) Biomarkers and community indices as complementary
tools for environmental safety. Environ Int 28(8):711–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120
(02)00116-2
34. Mussali-Galante P et al (2013) Review biomarkers of exposure for assessing environmental
metal pollution: 1 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de
Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2 Departamento de
Sistemática y Evo’. Rev Int Contam Ambie 29(1):117–140. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.
oa?id¼37025634008 How
35. Asif N, Malik M, Chaudhry F (2018) A review of on environmental pollution bioindicators.
Pollution 4(1):111–118. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2017.237440.296
36. Parmar TK, Rawtani D, Agrawal YK (2016) Bioindicators: the natural indicator of environmental pollution. Front Life Sci 9(2):110–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2016.
1162753
37. Perussolo MC et al (2019) Integrated biomarker response index to assess toxic effects of
environmentally relevant concentrations of paracetamol in a neotropical catfish (Rhamdia
quelen). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 182:109438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109438
38. Stancova V et al (2017) Effects of the pharmaceutical contaminants ibuprofen, diclofenac, and
carbamazepine alone, and in combination, on oxidative stress parameters in early life stages of
tench (Tinca tinca). Veterinární Medicína 62(2):90–97. https://doi.org/10.17221/125/2016VETMED
39. Islas-Flores H et al (2017) Cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus
carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac. Environ Toxicol 32(5):1637–1650.
https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22392
40. Guiloski IC, Ribas JLC et al (2017a) Paracetamol causes endocrine disruption and hepatotoxicity in male fish Rhamdia quelen after subchronic exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
53:111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.05.005
DNA Alterations and Cellular Damage Induced by Non-steroidal. . .
113
23. Riley P (1994) Free radicals in biology:oxidative stress and the effects of ionizing radiation. Int
J Radiat Biol 1(4):53
24. Van der Oost R, Beyer J, Vermeulen NPE (2003) Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in
environmental risk assessment: a review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 13(2):57–149. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00126-6
25. Valavanidis A et al (2006) Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in
relation to toxic environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 64(2):178–189. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.013
26. Nowsheen S, Yang ES (2012) The intersection between DNA damage response and cell death
pathways. Exp Oncol 34(3):243–254
27. Wu D et al (2017) Detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of
oxidative damage in peripheral leukocyte DNA by UHPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B
1064:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.033
28. Luzhna L, Kathiria P, Kovalchuk O (2013) Micronuclei in genotoxicity assessment: from
genetics to epigenetics and beyond. Front Genet 4:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.
00131
29. Zhang C-Z et al (2015) Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei. Nature 522
(7555):179–184. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14493
30. Elmore S (2007) Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol 35(4):495–516.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230701320337
31. Aslantürk ÖS (2018) In vitro cytotoxicity and cell viability assays: principles, advantages, and
disadvantages. Genotoxicity – a predictable risk to our actual world. InTech, pp 18. https://doi.
org/10.5772/intechopen.71923
32. McIlwain DR, Berger T, Mak TW (2013) Caspase functions in cell death and disease. Cold
Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5(4):a008656. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a008656
33. Vasseur P, Cossu-Leguille C (2003) Biomarkers and community indices as complementary
tools for environmental safety. Environ Int 28(8):711–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120
(02)00116-2
34. Mussali-Galante P et al (2013) Review biomarkers of exposure for assessing environmental
metal pollution: 1 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de
Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2 Departamento de
Sistemática y Evo’. Rev Int Contam Ambie 29(1):117–140. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.
oa?id¼37025634008 How
35. Asif N, Malik M, Chaudhry F (2018) A review of on environmental pollution bioindicators.
Pollution 4(1):111–118. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2017.237440.296
36. Parmar TK, Rawtani D, Agrawal YK (2016) Bioindicators: the natural indicator of environmental pollution. Front Life Sci 9(2):110–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2016.
1162753
37. Perussolo MC et al (2019) Integrated biomarker response index to assess toxic effects of
environmentally relevant concentrations of paracetamol in a neotropical catfish (Rhamdia
quelen). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 182:109438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109438
38. Stancova V et al (2017) Effects of the pharmaceutical contaminants ibuprofen, diclofenac, and
carbamazepine alone, and in combination, on oxidative stress parameters in early life stages of
tench (Tinca tinca). Veterinární Medicína 62(2):90–97. https://doi.org/10.17221/125/2016VETMED
39. Islas-Flores H et al (2017) Cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (Cyprinus
carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac. Environ Toxicol 32(5):1637–1650.
https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22392
40. Guiloski IC, Ribas JLC et al (2017a) Paracetamol causes endocrine disruption and hepatotoxicity in male fish Rhamdia quelen after subchronic exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
53:111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.05.005
DNA Alterations and Cellular Damage Induced by Non-steroidal. . .
113