7.11 Fire-Fighting Techniques
281
• A decrease ensues in the flow rates provided by the fan, because of the devices
used to change the fan’s direction.
• Areas that were initially expected to be free of gases may become filled with them,
potentially affecting any miners who would use them as an escape route.
• Doors are prevented from having their closure assisted by ventilation, causing
unexpected air movements.
• The pressure drop that is triggered can increase CH 4 emissions, heightening the
risk of explosions.
• The ventilation network may become unstable for hours.
• The effects of the fire must be quantified, as they can cause local ventilation
reversals.
In the case of centrifugal fans, reversal of ventilation is usually achieved with the
help of a system of gates through which, for an exhaust system, the air inlet becomes
the atmosphere, while the air outlet is led into the shaft. In the case of axial fans, the
reversal of ventilation can be produced directly by varying the direction of rotation
of the motor.
References
Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. A. (2007). Dust explosions–Cases, causes, consequences, and control.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 140(1–2), 7–44.
Budryk, W. (1956). Pozary i wybuchy w kopalniach, pp. 78–79, Katovice.
Geadah, M. (1985). National inventory of natural and anthropogenic sources and emissions of
ammonia (1980). Environmental Protection Programs Directorate, Environmental Protection
Service, Environment Canada Report EPS5/IC/1.
Graham, J. I. (1920). The normal production of carbon monoxide in coal mines. Transaction
Institution of Mining Engineers, 60, 222–234.
Hansen, R. (2010). Overview of fire and smoke spread in underground mines. In Fourth International
Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security (pp. 483–494). SP Fire Technology.
Heiss, F., & Herbst, F. (1945). Incendios, aparatos para la respiración y salvamento (Chap. 10). In
Tratado de laboreo de minas. Madrid: Labor.
Jones, J. H., & Trickett, J. C. (1954). Some observations on the examination of gases resulting from
explosions in collieries. Mining Engineering 114.
Kennedy, W. D. (1996). Critical velocity: past, present and future, One Day seminar on smoke and
critical velocity in tunnels. ITC.
Kuenzer, C., Zhang, J., Tetzlaff, A., Van Dijk, P., Voigt, S., Mehl, H., et al. (2007). Uncontrolled
coal fires and their environmental impacts: Investigating two arid mining regions in north-central
China. Applied Geography, 27(1), 42–62.
Laboratorio Oficial Madariaga (LOM). (2013). Técnicas de control y extinción de incendios en las
obras subterráneas en la que se emplea técnica minera en su ejecución. Madrid: Ministerio de
Industria Comercio y Turismo.
Lee, C. K., Hwang, C. C., Singer, J. T., & Chaiken, R. F. (1979). Influence of passageway fires on
ventilation flows. In Second International Mine Ventilation Congress, Reno, NV.
Luque, V. (1988). Manual de ventilación de minas. Asociación de Investigación Tecnológica de
Equipos Mineros. Madrid: AITEMIN.
281
• A decrease ensues in the flow rates provided by the fan, because of the devices
used to change the fan’s direction.
• Areas that were initially expected to be free of gases may become filled with them,
potentially affecting any miners who would use them as an escape route.
• Doors are prevented from having their closure assisted by ventilation, causing
unexpected air movements.
• The pressure drop that is triggered can increase CH 4 emissions, heightening the
risk of explosions.
• The ventilation network may become unstable for hours.
• The effects of the fire must be quantified, as they can cause local ventilation
reversals.
In the case of centrifugal fans, reversal of ventilation is usually achieved with the
help of a system of gates through which, for an exhaust system, the air inlet becomes
the atmosphere, while the air outlet is led into the shaft. In the case of axial fans, the
reversal of ventilation can be produced directly by varying the direction of rotation
of the motor.
References
Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. A. (2007). Dust explosions–Cases, causes, consequences, and control.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 140(1–2), 7–44.
Budryk, W. (1956). Pozary i wybuchy w kopalniach, pp. 78–79, Katovice.
Geadah, M. (1985). National inventory of natural and anthropogenic sources and emissions of
ammonia (1980). Environmental Protection Programs Directorate, Environmental Protection
Service, Environment Canada Report EPS5/IC/1.
Graham, J. I. (1920). The normal production of carbon monoxide in coal mines. Transaction
Institution of Mining Engineers, 60, 222–234.
Hansen, R. (2010). Overview of fire and smoke spread in underground mines. In Fourth International
Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security (pp. 483–494). SP Fire Technology.
Heiss, F., & Herbst, F. (1945). Incendios, aparatos para la respiración y salvamento (Chap. 10). In
Tratado de laboreo de minas. Madrid: Labor.
Jones, J. H., & Trickett, J. C. (1954). Some observations on the examination of gases resulting from
explosions in collieries. Mining Engineering 114.
Kennedy, W. D. (1996). Critical velocity: past, present and future, One Day seminar on smoke and
critical velocity in tunnels. ITC.
Kuenzer, C., Zhang, J., Tetzlaff, A., Van Dijk, P., Voigt, S., Mehl, H., et al. (2007). Uncontrolled
coal fires and their environmental impacts: Investigating two arid mining regions in north-central
China. Applied Geography, 27(1), 42–62.
Laboratorio Oficial Madariaga (LOM). (2013). Técnicas de control y extinción de incendios en las
obras subterráneas en la que se emplea técnica minera en su ejecución. Madrid: Ministerio de
Industria Comercio y Turismo.
Lee, C. K., Hwang, C. C., Singer, J. T., & Chaiken, R. F. (1979). Influence of passageway fires on
ventilation flows. In Second International Mine Ventilation Congress, Reno, NV.
Luque, V. (1988). Manual de ventilación de minas. Asociación de Investigación Tecnológica de
Equipos Mineros. Madrid: AITEMIN.