Dwivedi S, Srivastava S, Mishra S, Kumar A, Tripathi RD, Rai UN, Dave R, Tripathi P,
Charkrabarty D, Trivedi PK (2010) Characterization of native microalga strains for their
chromium bioaccumulation potential: phytoplankton response in polluted habitats. J Hazard
Mater 173:95–101
El-Sikaily A, Nemr AE, Khaled A, Abdelwehab O (2007) Removal of toxic chromium from
wastewater using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 148
(1–2):216–228
Eroglu E, Smith S, Raston C (2015) Application of various immobilization techniques for algal
bioprocesses. In: Moheimani NR, McHenry MP, de Boer K, Bahri PA (eds) Biomass and
biofuels from microalgae. Springer, Cham, pp 19–44
Ferreira LS, Rodrigues MS, Carlos MDCJ, Alessandra L, Elisabetta F, Patrizia P, Attilio C (2011)
Adsorption of Ni
2+ , Zn
2+ and Pb
2+ onto dry biomass of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and
Chlorella vulgaris. I. Single metal systems. Chem Eng J 173:326–333
Gautam RK, Sharma SK, Mahiya S, Chattopadhyaya MC (2015) Contamination of heavy metals in
aquatic media: transport, toxicity and technologies for remediation. In: Sharma SK (ed) Heavy
metals in water: presence, removal and safety. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge,
UK, pp 1–24
Gokhale SV, Jyoti KK, Lele SS (2008) Kinetic and equilibrium modeling of chromium
(VI) biosorption on fresh and spent Spirulina platensis/Chlorella vulgaris biomass. Bioresour
Technol 99(9):3600–3608
Gupta V, Rastogi A (2008a) Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra
species: kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater 152:407–414
Gupta VK, Rastogi A (2008b) Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of cadmium(II) biosorption by
nonliving algal biomass Oedogonium sp. from aqueous phase. J Hazard Mater 153:759–766
Hammud HH, El-Shaar A, Khamis E, Mansour ES (2014) Adsorption studies of lead by
Enteromorpha algae and its silicates bonded material. Adv Chem:1–11
Han X, Wong YS, Tam NFY (2006) Surface complexation mechanism and modeling in Cr(III)
biosorption by a microalgal isolate, Chlorella miniata. J Colloid Interface Sci 303:365–371
Hansen HK, Ribeiro A, Mateus E (2006) Biosorption of arsenic(V) with Lessonia nigrescens.
Miner Eng 19:486–490
He J, Chen JP (2014) A comprehensive review on biosorption of heavy metals by algal biomass:
materials, performances, chemistry, and modeling simulation tools. Bioresour Technol
160:67–78
Inthorna D, Sidtitoon N, Silapanuntakul S, Incharoensakdi A (2002) Sorption of mercury, cadmium
and lead by microalgae. Sci Asia 28:253–261
Javadian H, Ahmadi M, Ghiasvand M, Kahrizi S, Katal R (2013) Removal of Cr(VI) by modified
brown algae Sargassum bevanom from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater. J Taiwan
Inst Chem Eng 4:977–989
Karthikeyan S, Balasubramanian R, Iyer CSP (2007) Evaluation of the marine algae Ulva fasciata
and Sargassum sp. for the biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol 98
(2):452–455
Kothari R, Pathak VV, Kumar V, Singh DP (2012) Experimental study for growth potential of
unicellular alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa on dairy waste water: an integrated approach for treatment and biofuel production. Bioresour Technol 116:466–470
Kothari R, Pandey A, Ahmad S, Kumar A, Pathak VV, Tyagi VV (2017) Microalgal cultivation for
value-added products: a critical enviro-economical assessment. 3 Biotech 7(4):243
Kumar JIN, Oommen C (2012) Removal of heavy metals by biosorption using freshwater alga
Spirogyra hyaline. J Environ Biol 33:27–31
Kumar KS, Dahms HU, Won EJ, Lee JS, Shin KH (2015) Microalgae- a promising tool for heavy
metal remediation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 113:329–352
Lee YC, Chang SP (2011) The biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by Spirogyra and
Cladophora filamentous macroalgae. Bioresour Technol 102(9):5297–5304
3 Phycoremediation: Algae as Eco-friendly Tools for the Removal of Heavy. . .
73
Charkrabarty D, Trivedi PK (2010) Characterization of native microalga strains for their
chromium bioaccumulation potential: phytoplankton response in polluted habitats. J Hazard
Mater 173:95–101
El-Sikaily A, Nemr AE, Khaled A, Abdelwehab O (2007) Removal of toxic chromium from
wastewater using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 148
(1–2):216–228
Eroglu E, Smith S, Raston C (2015) Application of various immobilization techniques for algal
bioprocesses. In: Moheimani NR, McHenry MP, de Boer K, Bahri PA (eds) Biomass and
biofuels from microalgae. Springer, Cham, pp 19–44
Ferreira LS, Rodrigues MS, Carlos MDCJ, Alessandra L, Elisabetta F, Patrizia P, Attilio C (2011)
Adsorption of Ni
2+ , Zn
2+ and Pb
2+ onto dry biomass of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and
Chlorella vulgaris. I. Single metal systems. Chem Eng J 173:326–333
Gautam RK, Sharma SK, Mahiya S, Chattopadhyaya MC (2015) Contamination of heavy metals in
aquatic media: transport, toxicity and technologies for remediation. In: Sharma SK (ed) Heavy
metals in water: presence, removal and safety. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge,
UK, pp 1–24
Gokhale SV, Jyoti KK, Lele SS (2008) Kinetic and equilibrium modeling of chromium
(VI) biosorption on fresh and spent Spirulina platensis/Chlorella vulgaris biomass. Bioresour
Technol 99(9):3600–3608
Gupta V, Rastogi A (2008a) Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae Spirogyra
species: kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater 152:407–414
Gupta VK, Rastogi A (2008b) Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of cadmium(II) biosorption by
nonliving algal biomass Oedogonium sp. from aqueous phase. J Hazard Mater 153:759–766
Hammud HH, El-Shaar A, Khamis E, Mansour ES (2014) Adsorption studies of lead by
Enteromorpha algae and its silicates bonded material. Adv Chem:1–11
Han X, Wong YS, Tam NFY (2006) Surface complexation mechanism and modeling in Cr(III)
biosorption by a microalgal isolate, Chlorella miniata. J Colloid Interface Sci 303:365–371
Hansen HK, Ribeiro A, Mateus E (2006) Biosorption of arsenic(V) with Lessonia nigrescens.
Miner Eng 19:486–490
He J, Chen JP (2014) A comprehensive review on biosorption of heavy metals by algal biomass:
materials, performances, chemistry, and modeling simulation tools. Bioresour Technol
160:67–78
Inthorna D, Sidtitoon N, Silapanuntakul S, Incharoensakdi A (2002) Sorption of mercury, cadmium
and lead by microalgae. Sci Asia 28:253–261
Javadian H, Ahmadi M, Ghiasvand M, Kahrizi S, Katal R (2013) Removal of Cr(VI) by modified
brown algae Sargassum bevanom from aqueous solution and industrial wastewater. J Taiwan
Inst Chem Eng 4:977–989
Karthikeyan S, Balasubramanian R, Iyer CSP (2007) Evaluation of the marine algae Ulva fasciata
and Sargassum sp. for the biosorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol 98
(2):452–455
Kothari R, Pathak VV, Kumar V, Singh DP (2012) Experimental study for growth potential of
unicellular alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa on dairy waste water: an integrated approach for treatment and biofuel production. Bioresour Technol 116:466–470
Kothari R, Pandey A, Ahmad S, Kumar A, Pathak VV, Tyagi VV (2017) Microalgal cultivation for
value-added products: a critical enviro-economical assessment. 3 Biotech 7(4):243
Kumar JIN, Oommen C (2012) Removal of heavy metals by biosorption using freshwater alga
Spirogyra hyaline. J Environ Biol 33:27–31
Kumar KS, Dahms HU, Won EJ, Lee JS, Shin KH (2015) Microalgae- a promising tool for heavy
metal remediation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 113:329–352
Lee YC, Chang SP (2011) The biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by Spirogyra and
Cladophora filamentous macroalgae. Bioresour Technol 102(9):5297–5304
3 Phycoremediation: Algae as Eco-friendly Tools for the Removal of Heavy. . .
73