genes at some stage in the degradation of alkyl benzenes (Kuhner et al. 2005).
Besides this, DNA microarrays were used to decide bacterial species, in quantitative
programs of stress gene analysis of microbial genomes and in genome-wide
entranscriptional profiles (Greene and Voordouw 2003; Muffler et al. 2002).
6.3 Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of all the proteins in an organism. Among many functions
these proteins serve as catalytic enzymes in metabolic pathways and in signal
transduction of regulatory pathways of cells (Graham et al. 2007; Zhang et al.
2010). Environmental conditions can lead to differences in their cellular expression
in an organism, and the toxicity present in the environment acts as a trigger in
adjusting to the physiological response. Proteomics has made it possible to acquire
an in-depth overview of global modifications and the abundance of proteins, apart
from identification of major proteins involved in bioremediation at a given physiological state (Vasseur et al. 1999; Wilkins et al. 2001). Various reports have
suggested that proteins are up- or downregulated in response to the contamination
(Vasseur et al. 1999; Wilkins et al. 2001; Kim et al. 2002). The downregulated
proteins were found to be a part of nucleotide biosynthesis and cellular motility
(Santos et al. 2004). A proteomic evaluation also revealed the participation of
energy- and stress-related proteins when Pseudomonas putida DOTT1E was
exposed to toluene (Segura et al. 2005). Such detailed facts are important for the
development of bacteria with greater solvent or contaminant tolerance that can be
used for bioremediation.
7 Metabolomics
Metabolomics is a young and vibrant discipline of technological advancement in its
exponential increase. Metabolome evaluation has become very popular currently,
and novel strategies for obtaining and reading metabolomics statistics that are useful
for different biological studies are increasing. Bioremediation is one such field which
gains from the advances in this emerging field. Various bioremediation research
options such as finding strategies for elucidation of biodegradation pathways, using
isotope distribution analysis and molecular connectivity analysis, assessing the
mineralization system using metabolic footprinting evaluation, and improving the
biodegradation system through metabolic engineering can be analysed in a more
comprehensive manner using metabolomics.
460
S. K. Shekhar et al.
Besides this, DNA microarrays were used to decide bacterial species, in quantitative
programs of stress gene analysis of microbial genomes and in genome-wide
entranscriptional profiles (Greene and Voordouw 2003; Muffler et al. 2002).
6.3 Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of all the proteins in an organism. Among many functions
these proteins serve as catalytic enzymes in metabolic pathways and in signal
transduction of regulatory pathways of cells (Graham et al. 2007; Zhang et al.
2010). Environmental conditions can lead to differences in their cellular expression
in an organism, and the toxicity present in the environment acts as a trigger in
adjusting to the physiological response. Proteomics has made it possible to acquire
an in-depth overview of global modifications and the abundance of proteins, apart
from identification of major proteins involved in bioremediation at a given physiological state (Vasseur et al. 1999; Wilkins et al. 2001). Various reports have
suggested that proteins are up- or downregulated in response to the contamination
(Vasseur et al. 1999; Wilkins et al. 2001; Kim et al. 2002). The downregulated
proteins were found to be a part of nucleotide biosynthesis and cellular motility
(Santos et al. 2004). A proteomic evaluation also revealed the participation of
energy- and stress-related proteins when Pseudomonas putida DOTT1E was
exposed to toluene (Segura et al. 2005). Such detailed facts are important for the
development of bacteria with greater solvent or contaminant tolerance that can be
used for bioremediation.
7 Metabolomics
Metabolomics is a young and vibrant discipline of technological advancement in its
exponential increase. Metabolome evaluation has become very popular currently,
and novel strategies for obtaining and reading metabolomics statistics that are useful
for different biological studies are increasing. Bioremediation is one such field which
gains from the advances in this emerging field. Various bioremediation research
options such as finding strategies for elucidation of biodegradation pathways, using
isotope distribution analysis and molecular connectivity analysis, assessing the
mineralization system using metabolic footprinting evaluation, and improving the
biodegradation system through metabolic engineering can be analysed in a more
comprehensive manner using metabolomics.
460
S. K. Shekhar et al.