3.2.2.5 Rhizofiltration
With this remediation technology, contaminants present in the water can be filter out
by the help of plant roots.
3.2.2.6 Phytovolatilization
This process is the uptake and conversion of contaminant into the gaseous state
through plant system and release into the environment. Volatile organic compounds
are the best candidate for this process to be treated by the help of evapotranspiration.
3.2.2.7 Disadvantages of Phytoremediation
There are several disadvantages associated with this technology. The foremost
disadvantage is time consumption in treatment of a polluted site, whereas growth
of plant used is also inhibited by the increase in metal level inside the plant body.
Bioavailability of metal or any other contaminant is one of the major contributors in
the disadvantages of this technology.
4 Plant-Microbe Interaction for Sustainable Agricultural
Development and Environmental Cleanup
The interaction between plant and microbes has a very significant role in the
development of agriculture as well as remediation of environment. Microbial interaction with plants may be both negative and positive, resulting in disease development or stimulation in growth of plant along with stress tolerance by the help of
beneficial microbiota (Abhilash et al. 2012). In addition to it, the communication
system to form an interaction between plant and microorganism also helps in
resource distribution in below or above the ground across plant body and provides
resistance against its competitors. This communication system modifies the physicochemical property of soil and diversity of biotic life which helps in plant growth
promotion and pollutant removal from soil (Fig. 17.3). The secondary metabolites
produced in form of exudates by the plant root and shoot system are responsible for
the development of such communication system for the plant-microbe interaction.
However, understanding the exact mechanisms of interaction is more or less difficult
and complex as it takes place at different spheres of the plant system such as
endosphere, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere. Therefore it is vital to understand the
exact mechanisms of interaction between plant and microbes for the assessment of
contribution of plant beneficial microbiota in sustainable agriculture, environmental
cleanup, and restoration of ecosystem (Saleem and Moe 2014; Dubey et al. 2015).
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A. Mishra et al.
With this remediation technology, contaminants present in the water can be filter out
by the help of plant roots.
3.2.2.6 Phytovolatilization
This process is the uptake and conversion of contaminant into the gaseous state
through plant system and release into the environment. Volatile organic compounds
are the best candidate for this process to be treated by the help of evapotranspiration.
3.2.2.7 Disadvantages of Phytoremediation
There are several disadvantages associated with this technology. The foremost
disadvantage is time consumption in treatment of a polluted site, whereas growth
of plant used is also inhibited by the increase in metal level inside the plant body.
Bioavailability of metal or any other contaminant is one of the major contributors in
the disadvantages of this technology.
4 Plant-Microbe Interaction for Sustainable Agricultural
Development and Environmental Cleanup
The interaction between plant and microbes has a very significant role in the
development of agriculture as well as remediation of environment. Microbial interaction with plants may be both negative and positive, resulting in disease development or stimulation in growth of plant along with stress tolerance by the help of
beneficial microbiota (Abhilash et al. 2012). In addition to it, the communication
system to form an interaction between plant and microorganism also helps in
resource distribution in below or above the ground across plant body and provides
resistance against its competitors. This communication system modifies the physicochemical property of soil and diversity of biotic life which helps in plant growth
promotion and pollutant removal from soil (Fig. 17.3). The secondary metabolites
produced in form of exudates by the plant root and shoot system are responsible for
the development of such communication system for the plant-microbe interaction.
However, understanding the exact mechanisms of interaction is more or less difficult
and complex as it takes place at different spheres of the plant system such as
endosphere, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere. Therefore it is vital to understand the
exact mechanisms of interaction between plant and microbes for the assessment of
contribution of plant beneficial microbiota in sustainable agriculture, environmental
cleanup, and restoration of ecosystem (Saleem and Moe 2014; Dubey et al. 2015).
426
A. Mishra et al.