3 Industrial Wastewater and Different Pollution Loads
Industrial wastewater can create environmental problems due to high chemical
oxygen demand level (Goutam et al. 2018; Bharagava et al. 2017c; Song et al.
2000). The different types of pollution loads such as domestic, agricultural, and
industrial wastes directly and indirectly in the form of toxic liquids are adding to the
aquatic ecosystem (Demirezen et al. 2007). Pollutants mostly accumulate in surface
water, groundwater, and plants in the form of nutrients, organic contaminants,
aromatic hydrocarbons, biphenyls, pesticides, xenobiotic, metalloids, and metals
such as Cu, As, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sr, Cr, Al, Se, and Ba (Aksoy et al.
2005). The most common pollution sources of Cd are plastics, metal industry, and
fossil fuel combustion, and home tools are considered as harmful pollutants for
animals and humans. Pb is also in toy production, vehicle emission, printing,
petroleum industry, exhaust gases, and wastewater (Demirezen et al. 2007). Any
form of pollution which immediate source to industries is known as industrial
pollution. The linkage of pollution with industries has some kind of historical
background. The issue of industrial pollution has great importance and concern
recently for fighting against environmental degradation by agencies. Sudden and
rapid growth of industries is a serious issue locally, nationally, and globally to be
brought under control immediately. Industrial revolution brings advancement, lifestyle becomes better, technology developed, facilities added in people’s lives, and
manufacturing age came, but with all these, some negative impact occur on nature
and humans, that is, industrial pollution. In the past there were limited factories that
cause air pollution, but with developing more industries, the flow of pollution
broadens in all means either its amount, severity, or toxicity and affects all parts of
the environment. Moreover, when the number of factories and working hours were
limited the level of pollution was not that much high, but with the passage of time,
these factories converted into large-scale industries and manufacturing units; the
pollution level also increased with these advancements, and this leads to take on
importance to the issue of industrial pollution.
Petroleum, leather, and agro food industries produce extremely saline wastewaters due to their dynamic cycle. In the leather sector, certain sewage streams may
comprise 80 g L
1 of NaCl. The high amount of salts present in wastewaters may
badly disturb the natural processes in the treatment of wastewater systems since
hypersaline wastes are often uncontrollable (Lefebvre and Moletta 2006). The
improvement of wastewater treatment in industrial technologies will be gradually
reduced because of technical process. In developing countries, the industrial wastewater is much higher than those in developed countries. The release of huge
quantities of toxic metals such as Cd, Cr, Cd, Cu, As, Ni, Zn, and Pb in industrial
wastewater are the most dangerous among the chemical-intensive industries.
Industrial pollution pollutes many sources of drinking water and releases undesirable toxins into the environment all over the globe. Industrialization has caused
major environmental disasters in the past. Underneath are rare causes of industrial
pollution that have resulted environmental degradation (Daniels 2001). Emissions of
134
S. Khan et al.
Industrial wastewater can create environmental problems due to high chemical
oxygen demand level (Goutam et al. 2018; Bharagava et al. 2017c; Song et al.
2000). The different types of pollution loads such as domestic, agricultural, and
industrial wastes directly and indirectly in the form of toxic liquids are adding to the
aquatic ecosystem (Demirezen et al. 2007). Pollutants mostly accumulate in surface
water, groundwater, and plants in the form of nutrients, organic contaminants,
aromatic hydrocarbons, biphenyls, pesticides, xenobiotic, metalloids, and metals
such as Cu, As, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sr, Cr, Al, Se, and Ba (Aksoy et al.
2005). The most common pollution sources of Cd are plastics, metal industry, and
fossil fuel combustion, and home tools are considered as harmful pollutants for
animals and humans. Pb is also in toy production, vehicle emission, printing,
petroleum industry, exhaust gases, and wastewater (Demirezen et al. 2007). Any
form of pollution which immediate source to industries is known as industrial
pollution. The linkage of pollution with industries has some kind of historical
background. The issue of industrial pollution has great importance and concern
recently for fighting against environmental degradation by agencies. Sudden and
rapid growth of industries is a serious issue locally, nationally, and globally to be
brought under control immediately. Industrial revolution brings advancement, lifestyle becomes better, technology developed, facilities added in people’s lives, and
manufacturing age came, but with all these, some negative impact occur on nature
and humans, that is, industrial pollution. In the past there were limited factories that
cause air pollution, but with developing more industries, the flow of pollution
broadens in all means either its amount, severity, or toxicity and affects all parts of
the environment. Moreover, when the number of factories and working hours were
limited the level of pollution was not that much high, but with the passage of time,
these factories converted into large-scale industries and manufacturing units; the
pollution level also increased with these advancements, and this leads to take on
importance to the issue of industrial pollution.
Petroleum, leather, and agro food industries produce extremely saline wastewaters due to their dynamic cycle. In the leather sector, certain sewage streams may
comprise 80 g L
1 of NaCl. The high amount of salts present in wastewaters may
badly disturb the natural processes in the treatment of wastewater systems since
hypersaline wastes are often uncontrollable (Lefebvre and Moletta 2006). The
improvement of wastewater treatment in industrial technologies will be gradually
reduced because of technical process. In developing countries, the industrial wastewater is much higher than those in developed countries. The release of huge
quantities of toxic metals such as Cd, Cr, Cd, Cu, As, Ni, Zn, and Pb in industrial
wastewater are the most dangerous among the chemical-intensive industries.
Industrial pollution pollutes many sources of drinking water and releases undesirable toxins into the environment all over the globe. Industrialization has caused
major environmental disasters in the past. Underneath are rare causes of industrial
pollution that have resulted environmental degradation (Daniels 2001). Emissions of
134
S. Khan et al.