80
R. Kumar and P. Saikia
biodiversity reported from the world is found in India. In the face of price fluctuation
lac growers’ co-operative society would be very beneficial to the cultivators but no
steps have yet been taken for setting up such a society in Jharkhand. There is a
need to address these problems, so that farmer’s confidence is returned and again
lac cultivation is taken up in a big way. Indian Institute of Natural Resin and Gums
(IINRG), Ranchi, Jharkhand, the only institute devoted to research and development
of lac is engaged in conserving the lac biodiversity. Limited availability of broodlac,
scattered lac host, poor inter-institution linkages, climate change and involvement of
villagers in certain undesirable activities are the cause which resists the growth of
lac production in Jharkhand.
5.3 Timber Industry
Timber is a renewable, sustainable, attractive, strong, durable and cost-effective natural building material that combines beauty, superior performance and environmental
advantage (Binkley and Earhart 2005; Pirard et al. 2016). Its flexibility and versatility
offer a multitude of structural applications such as beams, walls, flooring, cladding,
containers, packing cases, formwork, large timber panels, agricultural implements,
fencing, hutments, housing, furniture, scaffolding, mine props etc. (Chandramolly
2015; Gangoo et al. 2015). Timber materials have unique aesthetic appeal, provides
acoustic, thermal and strength performance, store carbon dioxide and the manufacturing process of wood products requires smaller amounts of energy (Shukla 2003). The
demand for timber is met through supplies from government forests and non-forest
sources such as farmlands and homegardens (Chandra et al. 2008; Islam 2008). The
paradox is that forests produce 70% timber and 30% fuelwood, while the demand
for wood is around 70% as fuelwood and 30% as timber (Rai and Chakrabarti 2001).
Most of the population in rural, as well as urban sector chiefly depends on forests
directly to meet their timber requirement. About 275 million (World Bank 2006) to
350–400 million (MoEF 2009) people living in forest fringes depend upon forests
for timber required for agricultural implements, house construction, fencing etc. The
extraction and consumption situation of timber in rural sectors plays an important
role in the socioeconomic, cultural, religious, ethical, traditional, spiritual, farming
and geo-environmental conditions of a region (Dangwal 2005). Increasing trade in
timber has supported economic growth and has helped in reducing poverty in a number of developing countries (Anonymous 2016). There is strong evidence that timber
plays a significant role in the livelihoods of the world’s rural poor to which India is
no exception. Collection and selling of timber are the main sources of income for
the forest-dwelling population in many countries (Yadav and Basera 2013; Belcher
et al. 2015; Langat et al. 2016; Htun et al. 2017). Forests support the local livelihoods as a renewable source of timber and firewood. It is suggested to plan forest
resource development strategically so that it augments the rural livelihoods and also
supports rural energy requirement. The demand for raw wood by different industries
increased from 52 million m
3 in 1998 to 95 million m
3 in 2010 and is projected to
R. Kumar and P. Saikia
biodiversity reported from the world is found in India. In the face of price fluctuation
lac growers’ co-operative society would be very beneficial to the cultivators but no
steps have yet been taken for setting up such a society in Jharkhand. There is a
need to address these problems, so that farmer’s confidence is returned and again
lac cultivation is taken up in a big way. Indian Institute of Natural Resin and Gums
(IINRG), Ranchi, Jharkhand, the only institute devoted to research and development
of lac is engaged in conserving the lac biodiversity. Limited availability of broodlac,
scattered lac host, poor inter-institution linkages, climate change and involvement of
villagers in certain undesirable activities are the cause which resists the growth of
lac production in Jharkhand.
5.3 Timber Industry
Timber is a renewable, sustainable, attractive, strong, durable and cost-effective natural building material that combines beauty, superior performance and environmental
advantage (Binkley and Earhart 2005; Pirard et al. 2016). Its flexibility and versatility
offer a multitude of structural applications such as beams, walls, flooring, cladding,
containers, packing cases, formwork, large timber panels, agricultural implements,
fencing, hutments, housing, furniture, scaffolding, mine props etc. (Chandramolly
2015; Gangoo et al. 2015). Timber materials have unique aesthetic appeal, provides
acoustic, thermal and strength performance, store carbon dioxide and the manufacturing process of wood products requires smaller amounts of energy (Shukla 2003). The
demand for timber is met through supplies from government forests and non-forest
sources such as farmlands and homegardens (Chandra et al. 2008; Islam 2008). The
paradox is that forests produce 70% timber and 30% fuelwood, while the demand
for wood is around 70% as fuelwood and 30% as timber (Rai and Chakrabarti 2001).
Most of the population in rural, as well as urban sector chiefly depends on forests
directly to meet their timber requirement. About 275 million (World Bank 2006) to
350–400 million (MoEF 2009) people living in forest fringes depend upon forests
for timber required for agricultural implements, house construction, fencing etc. The
extraction and consumption situation of timber in rural sectors plays an important
role in the socioeconomic, cultural, religious, ethical, traditional, spiritual, farming
and geo-environmental conditions of a region (Dangwal 2005). Increasing trade in
timber has supported economic growth and has helped in reducing poverty in a number of developing countries (Anonymous 2016). There is strong evidence that timber
plays a significant role in the livelihoods of the world’s rural poor to which India is
no exception. Collection and selling of timber are the main sources of income for
the forest-dwelling population in many countries (Yadav and Basera 2013; Belcher
et al. 2015; Langat et al. 2016; Htun et al. 2017). Forests support the local livelihoods as a renewable source of timber and firewood. It is suggested to plan forest
resource development strategically so that it augments the rural livelihoods and also
supports rural energy requirement. The demand for raw wood by different industries
increased from 52 million m
3 in 1998 to 95 million m
3 in 2010 and is projected to