Local Socio-Economic Dynamics Shaping Forest Ecosystems …
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Table 3
Forest ecosystem types and the dynamics shaping the use and transformation of forest landscapes in Central Himalayas
Altitude (a msl) Forest type
Tenure/Institutional
Arrangement
Dynamics leading to
changes in forest
landscapes
Weakness undermining
institutional ability to
address emerging
challenges
Principal opportunities
to address emerging
socio-economic
challenges
500–1000
Subtropical Pine Forest
Mostly Reserve and few
pockets of community
forests/Van Panchayats
Biomass harvested for
fuelwood, fodder, leaf
litter, NTFPs,
encroachment for
agriculture, grazing,
forest fires
Increasing population
pressure though
emigration is also
happening, increasing
livestock population,
lack of alternative
livelihood, fodder
demands, weak forest
governance, less
community
involvements and rights,
corruption
(continued)