518
J. A. Dar et al.
Jarvis PG (1989) Atmospheric carbon-dioxide and forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
324:369–392
Jenkins M (1992) Species Extinction. In: Groombridge B (ed) Global Biodiversity: Status of the
Earth’s Living Resources. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC).
Chapman and Hall, London, pp 192–205
Jobbagy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to
climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10(2):423–436
Kappelle M, Van Vuuren MMI, Baas P (1999) Effects of climate change on biodiversity: a review
and identification of key research issues. Biodivers Conserv 8:1383–1397
Karl TR, Trenberth KE (2003) Modern global climate change. Science 302(5651):1719–1723
Kasischke ES, Christensen NL, Stocks BJ (1995) Fire, global warming, and the carbon balance of
boreal forests. Ecol Appl 5:437–451
Kasischke ES, Turetsky MR (2006) Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American
boreal region—spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska. Geophys Res
Lett 33:L09703
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, de Freitas JV, Grainger A, Lindquist E (2015) Dynamics of global
forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For Ecol Manage
352:9–20
Kellomaki S (2000) Forests of the boreal region: gaps in knowledge and research needs. For Ecol
Manage 132:63–71
Kets K, Darbah JN, Sober A, Riikonen J, Sober J, Karnosky DF (2010) Diurnal changes in photosynthetic parameters of Populus tremuloides, modulated by elevated concentrations of CO 2
and/or O 3 and daily climatic variation. Environ Pollut 158:1000–1007
Kim DH, Sexton JO, Townshend JR (2015) Accelerated deforestation in the humid tropics from
the 1990s to the 2000s. Geophys Res Lett 42:3495–3501
Kishwan J, Pandey R, Dadhwal VK (2009) India’s forest and tree cover: contribution as a carbon
sink. Technical Pap 130:1–12
Koh LP, Ghazoul J (2010) Spatially explicit scenario analysis for reconciling agricultural expansion,
forest protection, and carbon conservation in Indonesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:11140–
11144
Kumar K (2005) Receding glaciers in the Indian Himalayan region. Curr Sci 88(3):342–343
Kumar V, Chopra AK (2009) Impact of climate change on biodiversity of India with special reference
to Himalayan region—an overview. J Appl Nat Sci 1:117–122
Kurz WA, Dymond CC, Stinson G, Rampley GJ, Neilson ET, Carroll AL, Ebata T, Safranyik L
(2008) Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. Nature 452:987–990
Lackner M, Chen WY, Suzuki T (2012) Introduction to climate change mitigation. In: Chen WY,
Seiner J, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation. Springer, New
York, pp 1–9
Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2011) Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming
land scarcity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:3465–3472
Lamsal P, Kumar L, Aryal A, Atreya K (2018) Invasive alien plant species dynamics in the
Himalayan region under climate change. Ambio 47:697–710
Landsberg JJ, Gower ST (1997) Applications of physiological ecology to forest management.
Academic, San Diego, CA
Laurance WF, Nascimento HEM, Laurance SG, Andrade A, Ewers RM, Harms KE, Luizão RCC,
Ribeiro JE (2007) Habitat fragmentation, variable edge effects, and the landscape-divergence
hypothesis. PLoS ONE 10:e1017
Lee X, Goulden ML, Hollinger DY, Barr A, Black TA, Bohrer G, Bracho R, Drake B, Goldstein
A, Gu L, Katul G, Kolb T, Law BE, Margolis H, Meyers T, Monson R, Munger W, Oren R, Paw
UKT, Richardson AD, Schmid HP, Staebler R, Wofsy S, Zhao L (2011) Observed increase in
local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes. Nature 479:384–387
Leigh MA (2009) What we’ve learned in 2008. Nat Rep Clim Change 3:4–6
J. A. Dar et al.
Jarvis PG (1989) Atmospheric carbon-dioxide and forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
324:369–392
Jenkins M (1992) Species Extinction. In: Groombridge B (ed) Global Biodiversity: Status of the
Earth’s Living Resources. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC).
Chapman and Hall, London, pp 192–205
Jobbagy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to
climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10(2):423–436
Kappelle M, Van Vuuren MMI, Baas P (1999) Effects of climate change on biodiversity: a review
and identification of key research issues. Biodivers Conserv 8:1383–1397
Karl TR, Trenberth KE (2003) Modern global climate change. Science 302(5651):1719–1723
Kasischke ES, Christensen NL, Stocks BJ (1995) Fire, global warming, and the carbon balance of
boreal forests. Ecol Appl 5:437–451
Kasischke ES, Turetsky MR (2006) Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American
boreal region—spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska. Geophys Res
Lett 33:L09703
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, de Freitas JV, Grainger A, Lindquist E (2015) Dynamics of global
forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For Ecol Manage
352:9–20
Kellomaki S (2000) Forests of the boreal region: gaps in knowledge and research needs. For Ecol
Manage 132:63–71
Kets K, Darbah JN, Sober A, Riikonen J, Sober J, Karnosky DF (2010) Diurnal changes in photosynthetic parameters of Populus tremuloides, modulated by elevated concentrations of CO 2
and/or O 3 and daily climatic variation. Environ Pollut 158:1000–1007
Kim DH, Sexton JO, Townshend JR (2015) Accelerated deforestation in the humid tropics from
the 1990s to the 2000s. Geophys Res Lett 42:3495–3501
Kishwan J, Pandey R, Dadhwal VK (2009) India’s forest and tree cover: contribution as a carbon
sink. Technical Pap 130:1–12
Koh LP, Ghazoul J (2010) Spatially explicit scenario analysis for reconciling agricultural expansion,
forest protection, and carbon conservation in Indonesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:11140–
11144
Kumar K (2005) Receding glaciers in the Indian Himalayan region. Curr Sci 88(3):342–343
Kumar V, Chopra AK (2009) Impact of climate change on biodiversity of India with special reference
to Himalayan region—an overview. J Appl Nat Sci 1:117–122
Kurz WA, Dymond CC, Stinson G, Rampley GJ, Neilson ET, Carroll AL, Ebata T, Safranyik L
(2008) Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. Nature 452:987–990
Lackner M, Chen WY, Suzuki T (2012) Introduction to climate change mitigation. In: Chen WY,
Seiner J, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation. Springer, New
York, pp 1–9
Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2011) Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming
land scarcity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:3465–3472
Lamsal P, Kumar L, Aryal A, Atreya K (2018) Invasive alien plant species dynamics in the
Himalayan region under climate change. Ambio 47:697–710
Landsberg JJ, Gower ST (1997) Applications of physiological ecology to forest management.
Academic, San Diego, CA
Laurance WF, Nascimento HEM, Laurance SG, Andrade A, Ewers RM, Harms KE, Luizão RCC,
Ribeiro JE (2007) Habitat fragmentation, variable edge effects, and the landscape-divergence
hypothesis. PLoS ONE 10:e1017
Lee X, Goulden ML, Hollinger DY, Barr A, Black TA, Bohrer G, Bracho R, Drake B, Goldstein
A, Gu L, Katul G, Kolb T, Law BE, Margolis H, Meyers T, Monson R, Munger W, Oren R, Paw
UKT, Richardson AD, Schmid HP, Staebler R, Wofsy S, Zhao L (2011) Observed increase in
local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes. Nature 479:384–387
Leigh MA (2009) What we’ve learned in 2008. Nat Rep Clim Change 3:4–6