280
H. Dutta
in aquatic ecosystems affected by either species invasion or eutrophication or both.
This is because the difference between the negative impact of invasive species and/or
eutrophication in ecosystems affected by climate change, and ecosystems not affected
by climate change would not be negligible. Such a synergistic role of climate change
is also evident in the terrestrial ecosystem (Dutta 2018).
Finally, it is concluded that several ecological and biological processes are linked
with one another in the aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, the impacts of environmental problems that affect these processes are also interlinked. Therefore, when a
particular problem magnifies, the related problem is also likely to intensify. In fact,
one problem could also lead to an entirely new problem, as evident in the context of
eutrophication and species invasion. Such linkages should be identified and assessed
to understand their synergistic impacts and devise mitigation measures accordingly.
This would lead to an effective conservation of aquatic biodiversity.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
Al-Chokhachy R, Alder J, Hostetler S, Gresswell R, Shepard B (2013) Thermal controls of yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change. Glob Chang Biol 19(10):3069–
3081
An -
delkovi´ c AA, Živkovi´ c MM, Cvijanovi´ c DL, Novkovi´ c MZ, Marisavljevi´ c DP, Pavlovi´ c DM,
Radulovi´ c SB (2016) The contemporary records of aquatic plants invasion through the danubian
floodplain corridor in Serbia. Aquat Invasions 11(4):381–395
Anderson DM, Glibert PM, Burkholder JM (2002) Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries 25(4):704–726
Arias-González JE, González-Gándara C, Cabrera JL, Christensen V (2011) Predicted impact of
the invasive lionfish pterois volitions on the food web of a Caribbean coral reef. Environ Res
111(7):917–925
Assmy P, Smetacek V (2009) Algal Blooms. In: Schaechter M (ed) Encyclopedia of microbiology.
Elsevier, Oxford, pp 27–41
Bajer PG, Cross TK, Lechelt JD, Chizinski CJ, Weber MJ, Sorensen PW (2015) A cross-ecoregion
analysis suggests a hierarchy of ecological alters that regulate recruitment of a globally invasive
fish. Divers Distrib 21(5):500–510
Bajer PG, Beck MW, Cross TK, Koch JD, Bartodziej WM, Sorensen PW (2016) Biological invasion
by a benthivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of
a large North American ecoregion. Glob Chang Biol 22(12):3937–3947
Bax N, Williamson A, Aguero M, Gonzalez E, Geeves W (2003) Marine invasive alien species: a
threat to global biodiversity. Mar Policy 27:313–323
Bennett EM, Carpenter SR, Caraco NF (2001) Human impact on erodible phosphorus and eutrophication: a global perspective. Bioscience 51(3):227–234
Boudouresque CF, Klein J, Ruitton S, Verlaque M (2011) Biological invasion: the Thau Lagoon, a
Japanese biological island in the Mediterranean Sea. In: Ceccaldi HJ, Dekeyser I, Girault M, Stora
G (eds) Global change: mankind-marine environment interactions. Springer, The Netherlands,
pp 151–156
Breithaupt H (2003) Aliens on the shores. Eur Mol Biol Organization J 4:547–550
H. Dutta
in aquatic ecosystems affected by either species invasion or eutrophication or both.
This is because the difference between the negative impact of invasive species and/or
eutrophication in ecosystems affected by climate change, and ecosystems not affected
by climate change would not be negligible. Such a synergistic role of climate change
is also evident in the terrestrial ecosystem (Dutta 2018).
Finally, it is concluded that several ecological and biological processes are linked
with one another in the aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, the impacts of environmental problems that affect these processes are also interlinked. Therefore, when a
particular problem magnifies, the related problem is also likely to intensify. In fact,
one problem could also lead to an entirely new problem, as evident in the context of
eutrophication and species invasion. Such linkages should be identified and assessed
to understand their synergistic impacts and devise mitigation measures accordingly.
This would lead to an effective conservation of aquatic biodiversity.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
Al-Chokhachy R, Alder J, Hostetler S, Gresswell R, Shepard B (2013) Thermal controls of yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change. Glob Chang Biol 19(10):3069–
3081
An -
delkovi´ c AA, Živkovi´ c MM, Cvijanovi´ c DL, Novkovi´ c MZ, Marisavljevi´ c DP, Pavlovi´ c DM,
Radulovi´ c SB (2016) The contemporary records of aquatic plants invasion through the danubian
floodplain corridor in Serbia. Aquat Invasions 11(4):381–395
Anderson DM, Glibert PM, Burkholder JM (2002) Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries 25(4):704–726
Arias-González JE, González-Gándara C, Cabrera JL, Christensen V (2011) Predicted impact of
the invasive lionfish pterois volitions on the food web of a Caribbean coral reef. Environ Res
111(7):917–925
Assmy P, Smetacek V (2009) Algal Blooms. In: Schaechter M (ed) Encyclopedia of microbiology.
Elsevier, Oxford, pp 27–41
Bajer PG, Cross TK, Lechelt JD, Chizinski CJ, Weber MJ, Sorensen PW (2015) A cross-ecoregion
analysis suggests a hierarchy of ecological alters that regulate recruitment of a globally invasive
fish. Divers Distrib 21(5):500–510
Bajer PG, Beck MW, Cross TK, Koch JD, Bartodziej WM, Sorensen PW (2016) Biological invasion
by a benthivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of
a large North American ecoregion. Glob Chang Biol 22(12):3937–3947
Bax N, Williamson A, Aguero M, Gonzalez E, Geeves W (2003) Marine invasive alien species: a
threat to global biodiversity. Mar Policy 27:313–323
Bennett EM, Carpenter SR, Caraco NF (2001) Human impact on erodible phosphorus and eutrophication: a global perspective. Bioscience 51(3):227–234
Boudouresque CF, Klein J, Ruitton S, Verlaque M (2011) Biological invasion: the Thau Lagoon, a
Japanese biological island in the Mediterranean Sea. In: Ceccaldi HJ, Dekeyser I, Girault M, Stora
G (eds) Global change: mankind-marine environment interactions. Springer, The Netherlands,
pp 151–156
Breithaupt H (2003) Aliens on the shores. Eur Mol Biol Organization J 4:547–550