67
Such distributional changes would lead to novel mix of organisms present in a
region, in which interventions already in place for conservation needs to be reaffirmed. In addition, another daunting task would be to assign the changes in the
species structure in a region, to either due to climate change of other anthropogenic
causes like changes in the fishing gears and vessels, because these non-climatic factors often tend to obscure the underlying cause. The revenue change, mostly in the
negative in the tropics is reported by Lam et al. (2016).
Rise in temperature and increased acidification, will affect the coral reefs significantly and reef-building corals are likely to disappear on coral reefs between 2020
and 2040 and may become remnant between 2030 and 2040 in the Lakshadweep
seas and by 2050 and 2060 in other regions in the Indian seas (Vivekanandan et al.
2008). Being central to the functioning, the disappearance of coral reefs, the warmer
temperatures would have serious ramifications in the structure and function of the
marine ecosystems (Allison et al. 2009).
6 Green House Gas Emissions by Indian Fisheries
Fisheries consumed 40 billion litres of fuel in 2011 and generated a total of 179 million tonnes of CO 2 -equivalent GHGs. Emissions from the global fishing industry
grew by 28% in two decades since 1990. With no increase in landings, this raised
the average emissions per tonne of fish landed by 21% (Parker and Tyedmers 2015).
In India, increased fishing effort in the last five decades has resulted in substantial
increase in diesel consumption. CO 2 emissions have increased from of 0.30 million
tonnes (mt) in the year 1961 to 3.60 mt in 2010. This translates as for every tonne of
fish caught, the CO 2 emission has increased from 0.50 to 1.02 t taking into account
the total marine fish catch during the period. The larger mechanized boats emit
1.18 t CO 2 /t, and the smaller motorized boats emit 0.59 t CO 2 /t of fish caught. The
emission of CO 2 by trawlers is significantly higher (1.43 t CO2/t of fish) when compared to gillnetters, bagnetters, seiners, liners and dolnetters (0.56–1.07 t CO 2 /t of
fish). Globally on an average 1.7 tonnes of CO 2 , is released for capture of 1 tonne of
fish (Tyedmers et al. 2005) and the corresponding value in India is 1.13 tonnes of
CO 2 (Vivekanandan et al. 2013) (Fig. 3).
7 Options for Adaptations in a Fishery Technology
Perspective
Adaptation to climate change can be defined as an “adjustment in ecological, social
or economic systems in response to observed or expected changes in climatic stimuli and their effects, in order to alleviate adverse impacts of change or take advantage
Adaptation to Climate Change: A Fishery Technology Perspective
Such distributional changes would lead to novel mix of organisms present in a
region, in which interventions already in place for conservation needs to be reaffirmed. In addition, another daunting task would be to assign the changes in the
species structure in a region, to either due to climate change of other anthropogenic
causes like changes in the fishing gears and vessels, because these non-climatic factors often tend to obscure the underlying cause. The revenue change, mostly in the
negative in the tropics is reported by Lam et al. (2016).
Rise in temperature and increased acidification, will affect the coral reefs significantly and reef-building corals are likely to disappear on coral reefs between 2020
and 2040 and may become remnant between 2030 and 2040 in the Lakshadweep
seas and by 2050 and 2060 in other regions in the Indian seas (Vivekanandan et al.
2008). Being central to the functioning, the disappearance of coral reefs, the warmer
temperatures would have serious ramifications in the structure and function of the
marine ecosystems (Allison et al. 2009).
6 Green House Gas Emissions by Indian Fisheries
Fisheries consumed 40 billion litres of fuel in 2011 and generated a total of 179 million tonnes of CO 2 -equivalent GHGs. Emissions from the global fishing industry
grew by 28% in two decades since 1990. With no increase in landings, this raised
the average emissions per tonne of fish landed by 21% (Parker and Tyedmers 2015).
In India, increased fishing effort in the last five decades has resulted in substantial
increase in diesel consumption. CO 2 emissions have increased from of 0.30 million
tonnes (mt) in the year 1961 to 3.60 mt in 2010. This translates as for every tonne of
fish caught, the CO 2 emission has increased from 0.50 to 1.02 t taking into account
the total marine fish catch during the period. The larger mechanized boats emit
1.18 t CO 2 /t, and the smaller motorized boats emit 0.59 t CO 2 /t of fish caught. The
emission of CO 2 by trawlers is significantly higher (1.43 t CO2/t of fish) when compared to gillnetters, bagnetters, seiners, liners and dolnetters (0.56–1.07 t CO 2 /t of
fish). Globally on an average 1.7 tonnes of CO 2 , is released for capture of 1 tonne of
fish (Tyedmers et al. 2005) and the corresponding value in India is 1.13 tonnes of
CO 2 (Vivekanandan et al. 2013) (Fig. 3).
7 Options for Adaptations in a Fishery Technology
Perspective
Adaptation to climate change can be defined as an “adjustment in ecological, social
or economic systems in response to observed or expected changes in climatic stimuli and their effects, in order to alleviate adverse impacts of change or take advantage
Adaptation to Climate Change: A Fishery Technology Perspective