236
(2001–2015) as captured by both datasets could be seen as possible drivers of mass
budget shift from more negative towards less negative state. However, more deliberation in this context is needed since glacier behavior is quite heterogeneous owing
to many other factors apart from temperature and precipitation.
The validation of gridded datasets with observations has affirmed the utility of
ERA-I and CRU-TS over NWH. ERA-I has an advantage of better resolution, but
long temporal coverage (1901-present) of CRU-TS highlights its utility. Interestingly,
CRU-TS data revealed cooling/warming (with majority of cooling trends) during
1901–1970 over NWH which also agrees to findings of Bhutiyani et al. (2007).
They reported that post 1960, warmest years of the century (1901–2010) were
observed with few exceptions whereas before 1960, periodicity in warm and cold
years was observed.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to Director SASE for motivation and support in
this work. We are also thankful to scientists and technical staff of SASE for data collection from
rugged terrain characterized by extreme harsh weather and climatic conditions. This work is carried out under DRDO project ‘Him-Parivartan’.
References
Adler RF, Huffman GJ, Chang A, Ferraro R, Ping-Ping X (2003) The Version-2 Global Precipitation
Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979–present). J Hydrometeorol
4:1147–1167
Andermann C, Bonnet S, Gloaguen R (2011) Evaluation of precipitation data sets
along the Himalayan front. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 12(7): Q07023. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2011GC003513
Azam MF, Wagnon P, Berthier E, Vincent C, Fujita K, Kargel JS (2018) Review of the status and
mass changes of Himalayan-Karakoram glaciers. J Glaciol 64(243):61–74
Bahuguna M, Rathore BP (2014) Are the Himalayan glaciers retreating? Curr Sci 106(7):1008–1013
Bhambri R, Bolch T, Kawishwar P, Dobhal DP, Srivastava D, Pratap B (2013) Heterogeneity in
glacier response in the upper Shyokvalley, Northeast Karakoram. Cryosphere 7:1385–1398.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1385-2013
Bhutiyani MR (2016) Spatial and temporal variability of climate change in high-altitude regions
of NW Himalayas. In: Singh RB et al (eds) Climate change, glacier response, and vegetation
dynamics in the Himalaya. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28977-9_5
Bhutiyani MR, Kale VS, Pawar NJ (2007) Long-term trends in maximum, minimum and mean
annual air temperatures across the North western Himalaya during the twentieth century.
Climate Change 85:159–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9196-1
Bolch T, Kulkarni AV, Kääb A, Huggel C, Paul F, Cogley JG, Frey H, Kargel JS, Fujita K, Scheel
M, Bajracharya S, Stoffel M (2012) The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science 336:310–
314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215828
Bosilovich MG, Chen J, Robertson FR, Adler RF (2008) Evaluation of global precipitation in
reanalyses. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 47(9):2279–2299
Cannon F, Carvalho LM, Jones C, Norris J (2016) Winter westerly disturbance dynamics and
precipitation in the western Himalaya and Karakoram: a wave-tracking approach. Theor Appl
Climatol 125:27–44
H. S. Negi and N. Kanda
(2001–2015) as captured by both datasets could be seen as possible drivers of mass
budget shift from more negative towards less negative state. However, more deliberation in this context is needed since glacier behavior is quite heterogeneous owing
to many other factors apart from temperature and precipitation.
The validation of gridded datasets with observations has affirmed the utility of
ERA-I and CRU-TS over NWH. ERA-I has an advantage of better resolution, but
long temporal coverage (1901-present) of CRU-TS highlights its utility. Interestingly,
CRU-TS data revealed cooling/warming (with majority of cooling trends) during
1901–1970 over NWH which also agrees to findings of Bhutiyani et al. (2007).
They reported that post 1960, warmest years of the century (1901–2010) were
observed with few exceptions whereas before 1960, periodicity in warm and cold
years was observed.
Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to Director SASE for motivation and support in
this work. We are also thankful to scientists and technical staff of SASE for data collection from
rugged terrain characterized by extreme harsh weather and climatic conditions. This work is carried out under DRDO project ‘Him-Parivartan’.
References
Adler RF, Huffman GJ, Chang A, Ferraro R, Ping-Ping X (2003) The Version-2 Global Precipitation
Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979–present). J Hydrometeorol
4:1147–1167
Andermann C, Bonnet S, Gloaguen R (2011) Evaluation of precipitation data sets
along the Himalayan front. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 12(7): Q07023. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2011GC003513
Azam MF, Wagnon P, Berthier E, Vincent C, Fujita K, Kargel JS (2018) Review of the status and
mass changes of Himalayan-Karakoram glaciers. J Glaciol 64(243):61–74
Bahuguna M, Rathore BP (2014) Are the Himalayan glaciers retreating? Curr Sci 106(7):1008–1013
Bhambri R, Bolch T, Kawishwar P, Dobhal DP, Srivastava D, Pratap B (2013) Heterogeneity in
glacier response in the upper Shyokvalley, Northeast Karakoram. Cryosphere 7:1385–1398.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1385-2013
Bhutiyani MR (2016) Spatial and temporal variability of climate change in high-altitude regions
of NW Himalayas. In: Singh RB et al (eds) Climate change, glacier response, and vegetation
dynamics in the Himalaya. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28977-9_5
Bhutiyani MR, Kale VS, Pawar NJ (2007) Long-term trends in maximum, minimum and mean
annual air temperatures across the North western Himalaya during the twentieth century.
Climate Change 85:159–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9196-1
Bolch T, Kulkarni AV, Kääb A, Huggel C, Paul F, Cogley JG, Frey H, Kargel JS, Fujita K, Scheel
M, Bajracharya S, Stoffel M (2012) The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science 336:310–
314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215828
Bosilovich MG, Chen J, Robertson FR, Adler RF (2008) Evaluation of global precipitation in
reanalyses. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 47(9):2279–2299
Cannon F, Carvalho LM, Jones C, Norris J (2016) Winter westerly disturbance dynamics and
precipitation in the western Himalaya and Karakoram: a wave-tracking approach. Theor Appl
Climatol 125:27–44
H. S. Negi and N. Kanda