xvii
Emerging Traits of Sea Ice in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic
Fig. 1 Monthly mean and modal sea ice thickness in the
Fram Strait. Gaps in the time-series indicate missing data.
(Updated from data in Hansen et al. 2013. Data available
at http://www.mosj.no/) .....................................................................
4
Fig. 2 Schematic view of the sea-ice ridge habitat, with macro
porosity in the keel that allows for different ice associated
algae to thrive in the interstitial spaces and surface of ice
blocks. (Modified from Fernández-Méndez et al. 2018) ...................
7
Fig. 3 Schematic view of how a heavy snow load on thinner sea
ice allows flooding of the ice/snow interface that can
be a new habitat for algae, with stable conditions
and avoidance by grazers. (Modified from
Fernández-Méndez et al. 2018) .........................................................
7
Indian Arctic Multisensory Moored Underwater Observatory
Fig. 1 IndARC deployment location ............................................................ 13
Fig. 2 Deployment of Ambient noise measurement system
with two hydrophones ........................................................................ 15
Fig. 3 Temperature profile of IndARC mooring during
the period July 2014 to July 2016 ...................................................... 16
Fig. 4 The Spectrogram of bubbling noises as observed
in 2016 summer ................................................................................. 17
The Arctic Ocean: Advances in Geopolitics and Geoscience
Fig. 1 Maritime jurisdiction and maritime boundaries
(established or potential) in the Arctic.
(Source: IBRU, Durham University 2015.
See http://www.durham.ac.uk/ibru/resources/arctic for details) ........ 23
Fig. 2 Bathymetric map of the Arctic Ocean, showing the major
geological features, and notably the complex ridges
and basins that make up the seafloor.
List of Figures
Emerging Traits of Sea Ice in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic
Fig. 1 Monthly mean and modal sea ice thickness in the
Fram Strait. Gaps in the time-series indicate missing data.
(Updated from data in Hansen et al. 2013. Data available
at http://www.mosj.no/) .....................................................................
4
Fig. 2 Schematic view of the sea-ice ridge habitat, with macro
porosity in the keel that allows for different ice associated
algae to thrive in the interstitial spaces and surface of ice
blocks. (Modified from Fernández-Méndez et al. 2018) ...................
7
Fig. 3 Schematic view of how a heavy snow load on thinner sea
ice allows flooding of the ice/snow interface that can
be a new habitat for algae, with stable conditions
and avoidance by grazers. (Modified from
Fernández-Méndez et al. 2018) .........................................................
7
Indian Arctic Multisensory Moored Underwater Observatory
Fig. 1 IndARC deployment location ............................................................ 13
Fig. 2 Deployment of Ambient noise measurement system
with two hydrophones ........................................................................ 15
Fig. 3 Temperature profile of IndARC mooring during
the period July 2014 to July 2016 ...................................................... 16
Fig. 4 The Spectrogram of bubbling noises as observed
in 2016 summer ................................................................................. 17
The Arctic Ocean: Advances in Geopolitics and Geoscience
Fig. 1 Maritime jurisdiction and maritime boundaries
(established or potential) in the Arctic.
(Source: IBRU, Durham University 2015.
See http://www.durham.ac.uk/ibru/resources/arctic for details) ........ 23
Fig. 2 Bathymetric map of the Arctic Ocean, showing the major
geological features, and notably the complex ridges
and basins that make up the seafloor.
List of Figures