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NHSI
Northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation
NIOT
National Institute of Ocean Technology
NMSHE
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
NPI
Norwegian Polar Institute
NSIDC
National Snow and Ice Data Centre
NWH
North Western Himalaya
OOS
Ocean Observation Systems
OSL
Optically Stimulated Luminescence
PAR
Photosynthetically Active Radiation
PFZ
Potential Fishing Zones
QCLOUD Cloud Liquid Water (g/kg)
QICE
Ice (g/kg)
QRAIN
Rainwater (g/kg)
QSNOW
Snow (g/kg)
RCP
Representative Concentration Pathways
RegCM4
Regional Climate Model
RMSE
Root Mean Squared Error
RSB
Raised-Sunken Bed
SAR
Synthetic Aperture Radar
SASE
Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment
SCA
Snow Cover Area
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SOPIM
Schirmacher Oasis-Polar Ice Sheet Margin
SPCM
Single-Point Current Meter
SRM
Standard Reference Materials
SRTM
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
SUNA
Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyser
SWE
Snow Water Equivalent
SYI
Second Year Ice
TKS
Traditional Knowledge Systems
TP
Tibetan Plateau
TRMM
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
UHMWPE Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene
UNCLOS
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
USCGC
US Coast Guard Cutter
WDs
Western Disturbances
WRF
Weather Research and Forecast
YRT
Yamuna River Terrace
Abbreviations