sand by copper slag. M30 Grade concrete cubes were casted for varying percentage of copper slag replacement to determine
compressive strength after curing of 7 days and 28 days and for evaluating the workability of concrete.
12.2 Materials and Properties
In the present experimental investigation cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, copper slag and potable water is used to
develop M30 grade concrete. IS 10262–2009 code provisions were followed during the casting process. Properties of fresh
and hardened concrete are obtained to analyze and ascertain the compressive strength of concrete specimens. Physical and
chemical characteristics of concrete ingredients are tested and checked with respect to standards permissible as per BIS codes
of practice, they are as shown in Tables 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4. This is to decide the suitability of those ingredients for
concrete preparation.
Table 12.1 Physical characteristics of cement
Characteristics
Result obtained
Requirement as per
IS: 12269–1987
Fineness of cement %
8
Less than 10
Specific gravity
3.125
3.1–3.15
Normal consistency %
34
30–35
Initial setting time (min)
120
30 (minimum)
Final setting time (min)
360
600 (maximum)
Table 12.2 Chemical characteristics of cement
Compounds
Percentage
CaO
63–68
SiO 2
19–24
Al 2 O 3
4–7
Fe 2 O 3
1–4
MgO
0.5–3.5
K 2 O
0.2–0.8
Mn 2 O 3
0.05
CI
0.001
TiO 2
0.25
Table 12.3 Physical characteristics of fine aggregate
Sl no
Characteristics
Value
1
Particle size
Irregular
2
Appearance
Brownish yellow
3
Specific gravity
2.60
4
Fineness modulus %
2.99
5
Water absorption %
1.25
6
Grading zone
Zone II
Table 12.4 Physical characteristics of Copper slag
Sl no
Characteristics
Value
1
Particle size
Irregular
2
Appearance
Black and glassy
3
Specific gravity
3.91
5
Fineness modulus
4.48
6
Water absorption %
0.15–0.2
7
Grading zone
Zone I
82
G. L. Easwara Prasad et al.
compressive strength after curing of 7 days and 28 days and for evaluating the workability of concrete.
12.2 Materials and Properties
In the present experimental investigation cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, copper slag and potable water is used to
develop M30 grade concrete. IS 10262–2009 code provisions were followed during the casting process. Properties of fresh
and hardened concrete are obtained to analyze and ascertain the compressive strength of concrete specimens. Physical and
chemical characteristics of concrete ingredients are tested and checked with respect to standards permissible as per BIS codes
of practice, they are as shown in Tables 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4. This is to decide the suitability of those ingredients for
concrete preparation.
Table 12.1 Physical characteristics of cement
Characteristics
Result obtained
Requirement as per
IS: 12269–1987
Fineness of cement %
8
Less than 10
Specific gravity
3.125
3.1–3.15
Normal consistency %
34
30–35
Initial setting time (min)
120
30 (minimum)
Final setting time (min)
360
600 (maximum)
Table 12.2 Chemical characteristics of cement
Compounds
Percentage
CaO
63–68
SiO 2
19–24
Al 2 O 3
4–7
Fe 2 O 3
1–4
MgO
0.5–3.5
K 2 O
0.2–0.8
Mn 2 O 3
0.05
CI
0.001
TiO 2
0.25
Table 12.3 Physical characteristics of fine aggregate
Sl no
Characteristics
Value
1
Particle size
Irregular
2
Appearance
Brownish yellow
3
Specific gravity
2.60
4
Fineness modulus %
2.99
5
Water absorption %
1.25
6
Grading zone
Zone II
Table 12.4 Physical characteristics of Copper slag
Sl no
Characteristics
Value
1
Particle size
Irregular
2
Appearance
Black and glassy
3
Specific gravity
3.91
5
Fineness modulus
4.48
6
Water absorption %
0.15–0.2
7
Grading zone
Zone I
82
G. L. Easwara Prasad et al.