Chapter 8
Manufacturing of “Ni-Ti” Based Composites from Fresh Scrap Thin
Sheets Reinforced with Nb and TiB 2 Through Hot-Forged Bonding:
Sandwich Structures
H. M. Enginsoy, E. Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, and D. Katundi
Abstract In the frame of the common research project, manufacturing of thin sheet Ni-Ti based composites reinforced with
Nb and TiB 2 have been carried out through hot-forged bonding process for a high strength sandwich structure for the
aeronautical engineering applications. Interface and bonding characteristics of hot forged composites have been evaluated
heat treated at 550–600
C depending on the operational parameters under laboratory conditions. Formability behaviour and
delamination phenomenon have also been analysed by 3P Bending tests. An intermetallic phase layer has been carried out
between the titanium and nickel sheet layers containing of hard particles reinforcements between the sheets by using hot
forging process. Finally a high strength bonding has been carried out by mechanical joining and very strong chemical bonding
diffusion during this process depending on the temperature and the time. With the finite element model developed with
reference to these tests, the mechanical behaviour of the material is supported by simulations made with the Abaqus software.
Finally, more detailed mechanical/physical properties of this developed material were investigated by applying wear and
creep tests. Certain area in the microstructure have been analysed with SEM.
8.1 Introduction
Ni-Ti based composites are widely used in aeronautic and aerospace engineering applications for the different reasons such as
low density, not losing their mechanical performance under service conditions at high temperature, severe environmental
conditions, etc. [1–3]. Ni-Ti based composites are new generation of the composites, because they can show uncommon high
resistance behaviour under service conditions. They have high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, shape memory effect,
superelasticity, etc. [2–9] However, transformation temperatures of the Ni-Ti alloys alone is variable from À100
C to 100
C,
which can limit their applications in engineering applications.
For this reason, usage of Ni-Ti based composites in sandwich form with other compounds can give many advantages to
industrial partners. In this way, it performs very well against the versatile high stresses that occur on the structure. Nb, Ti, B,
Al can be used as reinforcing elements in many industrial applications, but can also be applied as different metallic
components [5–12].
The use of Nb and TiB 2 elements as the reinforcement elements with the thin Ni-Ti sheets together is very benefit in
mechanical behaviour point of view. Hot-forging process was applied on these composites under laboratory condition.
Additionally, the effects of chemical bonds during the production of this produced sandwich composite structure at the macro
level were analyzed by 3-point bending tests.
With the finite element model developed with reference to these tests, the mechanical behaviour of the material is
supported by simulations made with the Abaqus software. Finally, more detailed mechanical/physical properties of this
H. M. Enginsoy
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
Usak University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Usak, Turkey
e-mail: murat.enginsoy@usak.edu.tr
E. Bayraktar (*) · D. Katundi
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
e-mail: bayraktar@supmeca.fr; dhurata.katundi@supmeca.fr
I. Miskioglu
Michigan Technological University ME-EM Department, Houghton, MI, USA
e-mail: imiski@mtu.edu
© The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2021
R. P. Singh, V. Chalivendra (eds.), Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6,
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_8
53
Manufacturing of “Ni-Ti” Based Composites from Fresh Scrap Thin
Sheets Reinforced with Nb and TiB 2 Through Hot-Forged Bonding:
Sandwich Structures
H. M. Enginsoy, E. Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, and D. Katundi
Abstract In the frame of the common research project, manufacturing of thin sheet Ni-Ti based composites reinforced with
Nb and TiB 2 have been carried out through hot-forged bonding process for a high strength sandwich structure for the
aeronautical engineering applications. Interface and bonding characteristics of hot forged composites have been evaluated
heat treated at 550–600
C depending on the operational parameters under laboratory conditions. Formability behaviour and
delamination phenomenon have also been analysed by 3P Bending tests. An intermetallic phase layer has been carried out
between the titanium and nickel sheet layers containing of hard particles reinforcements between the sheets by using hot
forging process. Finally a high strength bonding has been carried out by mechanical joining and very strong chemical bonding
diffusion during this process depending on the temperature and the time. With the finite element model developed with
reference to these tests, the mechanical behaviour of the material is supported by simulations made with the Abaqus software.
Finally, more detailed mechanical/physical properties of this developed material were investigated by applying wear and
creep tests. Certain area in the microstructure have been analysed with SEM.
8.1 Introduction
Ni-Ti based composites are widely used in aeronautic and aerospace engineering applications for the different reasons such as
low density, not losing their mechanical performance under service conditions at high temperature, severe environmental
conditions, etc. [1–3]. Ni-Ti based composites are new generation of the composites, because they can show uncommon high
resistance behaviour under service conditions. They have high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, shape memory effect,
superelasticity, etc. [2–9] However, transformation temperatures of the Ni-Ti alloys alone is variable from À100
C to 100
C,
which can limit their applications in engineering applications.
For this reason, usage of Ni-Ti based composites in sandwich form with other compounds can give many advantages to
industrial partners. In this way, it performs very well against the versatile high stresses that occur on the structure. Nb, Ti, B,
Al can be used as reinforcing elements in many industrial applications, but can also be applied as different metallic
components [5–12].
The use of Nb and TiB 2 elements as the reinforcement elements with the thin Ni-Ti sheets together is very benefit in
mechanical behaviour point of view. Hot-forging process was applied on these composites under laboratory condition.
Additionally, the effects of chemical bonds during the production of this produced sandwich composite structure at the macro
level were analyzed by 3-point bending tests.
With the finite element model developed with reference to these tests, the mechanical behaviour of the material is
supported by simulations made with the Abaqus software. Finally, more detailed mechanical/physical properties of this
H. M. Enginsoy
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
Usak University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Usak, Turkey
e-mail: murat.enginsoy@usak.edu.tr
E. Bayraktar (*) · D. Katundi
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
e-mail: bayraktar@supmeca.fr; dhurata.katundi@supmeca.fr
I. Miskioglu
Michigan Technological University ME-EM Department, Houghton, MI, USA
e-mail: imiski@mtu.edu
© The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2021
R. P. Singh, V. Chalivendra (eds.), Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6,
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_8
53