Chapter 5
Tailored Behaviour of Scrap Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced
with Zinc and Aluminium: Low Cost Shape Memory Structures
L. Mihlyuzova, H. M. Enginsoy, D. Dontchev, and E. Bayraktar
Abstract The copper-aluminium (Cu-Al-Zn) based structures show shape memory behaviours that are low cost engineering
applications, such as actuators, valves, etc., regarding to Ni-Ti-Al structures. These alloys have a useful transformation
temperature that can be modified to lie between À100 and 100
C. For a low cost production, a combined method through
powder metallurgy processes (sinter-Forging) have been performed for the production the composite called “Zn-Cu-Al-1X”
with addition of small amount of reinforcements. For two basic production methods, sintered-forging process have been
carried out at the temperature of 550
C and 650
C with 1 h dwell time followed slow quenching and final cooling operation
respectively. In the frame of the common research project, production of the scrap thin sheet copper based composites
reinforced with pure nano aluminium (~5 wt %) and fine zinc particles were produced with addition of small amount of fine
particles as secondary reinforcements. These composites will be used for the applications of the coupling and actuators in the
aeronautical area. For mechanical basically for the tailored behaviour of this composite, three point bending (3 PB) and impact
tests were performed. Microstructural analyses was carried out with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ductility and
tailored behaviour of this composite will be discussed through the toughness mechanism depending on the processing
parameters.
5.1 Introduction
In today’s competitive world, low-cost engineering applications are crucial. Researches carried out in this context have a
strong impact on competition between products/systems developed in the industry. For this reason, different engineering
applications are produced with materials with a large number of functions with lower cost production methods [1–3].
Although the materials designed for the internal structure have very different targeted features, having shape memory is
among the demands of modern technological applications.
It is an important engineering practice to reveal some of the properties previously acquired for the material under certain
physical conditions in the production process when the desired conditions are reached under service conditions [4–6]. Providing shape memory to the material is one of the most important of these applications. In addition, the fact that materials with
this feature have ease of production and keeping them at low cost is another important condition. For these reasons, shape
memory materials are critical in many industrial applications.
A shape memory alloy may be further defined as one that yields a thermos-elastic martensite. In this case, the alloy
undergoes a martensitic transformation of a type that allows the alloy to be deformed by a twinning mechanism below the
L. Mihlyuzova
UTCM, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
H. M. Enginsoy
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
Usak University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Usak, Turkey
e-mail: murat.enginsoy@usak.edu.tr
D. Dontchev
UTCM, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: dontchev@uctm.edu
E. Bayraktar (*)
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
e-mail: bayraktar@supmeca.fr
© The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2021
R. P. Singh, V. Chalivendra (eds.), Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6,
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_5
27
Tailored Behaviour of Scrap Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced
with Zinc and Aluminium: Low Cost Shape Memory Structures
L. Mihlyuzova, H. M. Enginsoy, D. Dontchev, and E. Bayraktar
Abstract The copper-aluminium (Cu-Al-Zn) based structures show shape memory behaviours that are low cost engineering
applications, such as actuators, valves, etc., regarding to Ni-Ti-Al structures. These alloys have a useful transformation
temperature that can be modified to lie between À100 and 100
C. For a low cost production, a combined method through
powder metallurgy processes (sinter-Forging) have been performed for the production the composite called “Zn-Cu-Al-1X”
with addition of small amount of reinforcements. For two basic production methods, sintered-forging process have been
carried out at the temperature of 550
C and 650
C with 1 h dwell time followed slow quenching and final cooling operation
respectively. In the frame of the common research project, production of the scrap thin sheet copper based composites
reinforced with pure nano aluminium (~5 wt %) and fine zinc particles were produced with addition of small amount of fine
particles as secondary reinforcements. These composites will be used for the applications of the coupling and actuators in the
aeronautical area. For mechanical basically for the tailored behaviour of this composite, three point bending (3 PB) and impact
tests were performed. Microstructural analyses was carried out with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ductility and
tailored behaviour of this composite will be discussed through the toughness mechanism depending on the processing
parameters.
5.1 Introduction
In today’s competitive world, low-cost engineering applications are crucial. Researches carried out in this context have a
strong impact on competition between products/systems developed in the industry. For this reason, different engineering
applications are produced with materials with a large number of functions with lower cost production methods [1–3].
Although the materials designed for the internal structure have very different targeted features, having shape memory is
among the demands of modern technological applications.
It is an important engineering practice to reveal some of the properties previously acquired for the material under certain
physical conditions in the production process when the desired conditions are reached under service conditions [4–6]. Providing shape memory to the material is one of the most important of these applications. In addition, the fact that materials with
this feature have ease of production and keeping them at low cost is another important condition. For these reasons, shape
memory materials are critical in many industrial applications.
A shape memory alloy may be further defined as one that yields a thermos-elastic martensite. In this case, the alloy
undergoes a martensitic transformation of a type that allows the alloy to be deformed by a twinning mechanism below the
L. Mihlyuzova
UTCM, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
H. M. Enginsoy
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
Usak University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Usak, Turkey
e-mail: murat.enginsoy@usak.edu.tr
D. Dontchev
UTCM, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: dontchev@uctm.edu
E. Bayraktar (*)
Supmeca-Paris, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France
e-mail: bayraktar@supmeca.fr
© The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2021
R. P. Singh, V. Chalivendra (eds.), Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6,
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_5
27