3.5 Summary
71
micro-straight steel fiber has slightly better effect on improving the dynamic
spalling strength than the hooked one for the strain rate higher than 60 s
−1 .
4. The dynamic spalling strength is reduced with increasing the critical time to
fracture.
5. The DIFs for dynamic tensile strength of UHPCC increase with increasing the
content for hooked steel fibers, and the enhancing effect of hooked steel fibers
is more obvious than micro-straight steel fibers. Furthermore, the empirical DIF
formulae for UHPCC with various steel fiber reinforcement are proposed.
References
BRARA A, CAMBORDE F, KLEPACZKO J R, MARIOTTI C. Experimental and numerical study
of concrete at high strain rates in tension[J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2001, 33: 33–45.
Comite Euro-International du Beton. Fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010[M]. Trowbridge,
Wiltshire, UK: Redwood Books, 2013.
DÍAZ-RUBIO F G, PÉREZ J R, GÁLVEZ V S. The spalling of long bars as a reliable method
of measuring the dynamic tensile strength of ceramics[J]. International Journal of Impact
Engineering, 2002, 27: 161–177.
GOLDSMITH W, POLIVKA M, YANG T. Dynamic behavior of concrete[J]. Experimental
Mechanics, 1996, 6: 65–79.
HAO H, HAO Y F, LI J, CHEN W S. Review of the current practices in blast-resistant analysis and
design of concrete structures[J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2016, 19(8): 1193–1223.
HOLMQUIST T J, JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A computational constitutive model for concrete
subjective to large strain, high strain rates, and high pressure. The 14th International Symposium
on Ballistic, Quebec[C]. 1993: 591–600.
KLEPACZKO J, BRARA A. An experiment method for dynamic tensile testing of concrete by
spalling[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2001, 25: 387–409.
MALVAR L, CRAWFORD J. Dynamic increase factors for concrete[R]. Orlando, FL: TwentyEighth DDESB Seminar, 1998.
MILLARD S G, MOLYNEAUX T C K, BARNETT S J, GAO X. Dynamic enhancement of blastresistant ultra high performance fibre-reinforced concrete under flexural and shear loading[J].
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2010, 37: 405–413.
OTHMAN H, MARZOUK H. Strain Rate Sensitivity of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 2016, 113(2): 1–8.
RONG Z D, SUN W. Experimental and numerical investigation on the dynamic tensile behavior of
ultra-high performance cement based composites[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012,
31: 168–173.
REN G M, WU H, FANG Q, LIU J Z. Effects of steel fiber content and type on dynamic compressive
mechanical properties of UHPCC[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 164: 29–43.
RIEDEL W, THOMA K, HIERMAIER S, SCHMOLINSKE E. Penetration of reinforced concrete
by BETA-B-500 numerical analysis using a new macroscopic concrete model for hydrocodes.
The 9th International Symposium, Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures[C].
Berlin-strausberg: IBMAC,1999: 315–22.
SU Y, LI J, WU C Q, WU P T, LI Z X. Effects of steel fibres on dynamic strength of UHPC[J].
Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 114: 708–718.
SCHULER H, MAYRHOFER C, THOMA K. Spall experiments for the measurement of the tensile
strength and fracture energy of concrete at high strain rates[J]. International Journal of Impact
Engineering, 2006, 32: 1635–1650.
71
micro-straight steel fiber has slightly better effect on improving the dynamic
spalling strength than the hooked one for the strain rate higher than 60 s
−1 .
4. The dynamic spalling strength is reduced with increasing the critical time to
fracture.
5. The DIFs for dynamic tensile strength of UHPCC increase with increasing the
content for hooked steel fibers, and the enhancing effect of hooked steel fibers
is more obvious than micro-straight steel fibers. Furthermore, the empirical DIF
formulae for UHPCC with various steel fiber reinforcement are proposed.
References
BRARA A, CAMBORDE F, KLEPACZKO J R, MARIOTTI C. Experimental and numerical study
of concrete at high strain rates in tension[J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2001, 33: 33–45.
Comite Euro-International du Beton. Fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010[M]. Trowbridge,
Wiltshire, UK: Redwood Books, 2013.
DÍAZ-RUBIO F G, PÉREZ J R, GÁLVEZ V S. The spalling of long bars as a reliable method
of measuring the dynamic tensile strength of ceramics[J]. International Journal of Impact
Engineering, 2002, 27: 161–177.
GOLDSMITH W, POLIVKA M, YANG T. Dynamic behavior of concrete[J]. Experimental
Mechanics, 1996, 6: 65–79.
HAO H, HAO Y F, LI J, CHEN W S. Review of the current practices in blast-resistant analysis and
design of concrete structures[J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2016, 19(8): 1193–1223.
HOLMQUIST T J, JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A computational constitutive model for concrete
subjective to large strain, high strain rates, and high pressure. The 14th International Symposium
on Ballistic, Quebec[C]. 1993: 591–600.
KLEPACZKO J, BRARA A. An experiment method for dynamic tensile testing of concrete by
spalling[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2001, 25: 387–409.
MALVAR L, CRAWFORD J. Dynamic increase factors for concrete[R]. Orlando, FL: TwentyEighth DDESB Seminar, 1998.
MILLARD S G, MOLYNEAUX T C K, BARNETT S J, GAO X. Dynamic enhancement of blastresistant ultra high performance fibre-reinforced concrete under flexural and shear loading[J].
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2010, 37: 405–413.
OTHMAN H, MARZOUK H. Strain Rate Sensitivity of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 2016, 113(2): 1–8.
RONG Z D, SUN W. Experimental and numerical investigation on the dynamic tensile behavior of
ultra-high performance cement based composites[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012,
31: 168–173.
REN G M, WU H, FANG Q, LIU J Z. Effects of steel fiber content and type on dynamic compressive
mechanical properties of UHPCC[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 164: 29–43.
RIEDEL W, THOMA K, HIERMAIER S, SCHMOLINSKE E. Penetration of reinforced concrete
by BETA-B-500 numerical analysis using a new macroscopic concrete model for hydrocodes.
The 9th International Symposium, Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures[C].
Berlin-strausberg: IBMAC,1999: 315–22.
SU Y, LI J, WU C Q, WU P T, LI Z X. Effects of steel fibres on dynamic strength of UHPC[J].
Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 114: 708–718.
SCHULER H, MAYRHOFER C, THOMA K. Spall experiments for the measurement of the tensile
strength and fracture energy of concrete at high strain rates[J]. International Journal of Impact
Engineering, 2006, 32: 1635–1650.