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M. Dalal et al.
organic matter and wastes around us. Use of biodiesel lowered carbon dioxide emission. Currently, biofuels are mostly produced from corn, soybean, sugar, vegetable
oils and agriculture waste. A series of physical process and chemical treatment might
be needed to convert biomass to liquid fuels for automobiles [1]. Biofuels are major
renewable energy source which are produced from organic matter and wastes around
us. Use of biodiesel lowered carbon dioxide emission [2]. Currently, biofuels are
mostly produced from corn, soybean, sugar, vegetable oils and agriculture waste. A
series of physical process and chemical treatment might be needed to convert biomass
to liquid fuels for automobiles [3]. For the past 2 decades, scientific researches are
being done to find the best possible biodiesel and its performance and emission
characteristics are being checked on different engines [4].
Increase in the air and land pollution is another big concern. Researchers have
found that second- and third-generation biodiesel decrease the CO 2 emissions while
increases the NO x emissions. Regarding the land pollution, increasing usage of plastic
and its accumulation on landfills and ocean are the biggest environmental challenge
for the world as most of the plastic degrade at significantly low pace [5–8].
Biodiesel produced from non-edible oil has similar characteristics to diesel and
can easily be blended with the pure diesel [9]. At the time when biodiesel blending is
mandatory in many parts of the world, plastic pyrolysis oil emerges as a potential fuel
to replace diesel. In this waste plastic generated from domestic and industrial use is
then converted to fuel oil known as pyrolysis oil by doing thermal pyrolysis process. It
involves de-polymerization of long-chain plastic. When high temperature (>500 °C)
and high pressure are applied in inert condition, long chains of hydrocarbon in plastic
molecule break down into smaller molecule [8]. This thermal pyrolysis of plastics
yields on average 45–50% of oil, 35–40% of gases and 10–20% of tar, depending on
the type of plastic used [6].
Oil extracted by this has high-energy value than any other edible or non-edible
biodiesel [10]. Other properties are also somewhat similar to that of pure diesel and
hence can be blended with the conventional diesel [11]. On the other hand, this will
increase the amount of NO x in the emission because of the higher oxygen content in
the biodiesel. Many researchers have worked with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
and conclude that it has potential to reduce the NO x emissions significantly. In EGR,
a portion of exhaust gas is again introduced with the fresh air drawn by engine. So,
there will be less oxygen present in the cylinder for combustion and thus temperature
will drop decreasing the nitrogen–oxygen chain reactions [12].
There has been sufficient research done to increase the yield of plastic pyrolysis oil
but very little work is done on the direct automotive use of plastic pyrolysis oil. The
main objective of this study is to investigate the plastic pyrolysis oil blended fuel for
its performance and emissions characteristics and compare it with that of pure diesel
as well as soy-based cum waste cooking oil-based biodiesel blended fuel. For this
modified dual-cylinder four-stroke direct injection production engine of Mahindra
Supro (a mini pickup truck) is used. At the end, to mitigate the access NO x gases,
EGR is performed for plastic pyrolysis oil blended fuel.
M. Dalal et al.
organic matter and wastes around us. Use of biodiesel lowered carbon dioxide emission. Currently, biofuels are mostly produced from corn, soybean, sugar, vegetable
oils and agriculture waste. A series of physical process and chemical treatment might
be needed to convert biomass to liquid fuels for automobiles [1]. Biofuels are major
renewable energy source which are produced from organic matter and wastes around
us. Use of biodiesel lowered carbon dioxide emission [2]. Currently, biofuels are
mostly produced from corn, soybean, sugar, vegetable oils and agriculture waste. A
series of physical process and chemical treatment might be needed to convert biomass
to liquid fuels for automobiles [3]. For the past 2 decades, scientific researches are
being done to find the best possible biodiesel and its performance and emission
characteristics are being checked on different engines [4].
Increase in the air and land pollution is another big concern. Researchers have
found that second- and third-generation biodiesel decrease the CO 2 emissions while
increases the NO x emissions. Regarding the land pollution, increasing usage of plastic
and its accumulation on landfills and ocean are the biggest environmental challenge
for the world as most of the plastic degrade at significantly low pace [5–8].
Biodiesel produced from non-edible oil has similar characteristics to diesel and
can easily be blended with the pure diesel [9]. At the time when biodiesel blending is
mandatory in many parts of the world, plastic pyrolysis oil emerges as a potential fuel
to replace diesel. In this waste plastic generated from domestic and industrial use is
then converted to fuel oil known as pyrolysis oil by doing thermal pyrolysis process. It
involves de-polymerization of long-chain plastic. When high temperature (>500 °C)
and high pressure are applied in inert condition, long chains of hydrocarbon in plastic
molecule break down into smaller molecule [8]. This thermal pyrolysis of plastics
yields on average 45–50% of oil, 35–40% of gases and 10–20% of tar, depending on
the type of plastic used [6].
Oil extracted by this has high-energy value than any other edible or non-edible
biodiesel [10]. Other properties are also somewhat similar to that of pure diesel and
hence can be blended with the conventional diesel [11]. On the other hand, this will
increase the amount of NO x in the emission because of the higher oxygen content in
the biodiesel. Many researchers have worked with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
and conclude that it has potential to reduce the NO x emissions significantly. In EGR,
a portion of exhaust gas is again introduced with the fresh air drawn by engine. So,
there will be less oxygen present in the cylinder for combustion and thus temperature
will drop decreasing the nitrogen–oxygen chain reactions [12].
There has been sufficient research done to increase the yield of plastic pyrolysis oil
but very little work is done on the direct automotive use of plastic pyrolysis oil. The
main objective of this study is to investigate the plastic pyrolysis oil blended fuel for
its performance and emissions characteristics and compare it with that of pure diesel
as well as soy-based cum waste cooking oil-based biodiesel blended fuel. For this
modified dual-cylinder four-stroke direct injection production engine of Mahindra
Supro (a mini pickup truck) is used. At the end, to mitigate the access NO x gases,
EGR is performed for plastic pyrolysis oil blended fuel.