Selection of Optimum Castor–Rapeseed
Emulsified Fuel Based on Engine
Performance, Combustion and Emission
Analysis
Sajan Chourasia , Rajesh Patel , and Absar Lakdawala
Abstract The existence of water with inside biodiesel–diesel blended fuel in the
form of W/O emulsion drops the percentage of NO x and SD due to micro-explosion
phenomena. Considering this in mind in the current work, optimum blend of dual biodiesel with diesel blend (C15R15) has been selected directly based upon previous
work carried out on engine performance, combustion and emission of duel fuel
optimum percentage using MCDM technique. This optimum blend has been used
for the preparation of W/O emulsified fuel. In emulsified fuel, water percentages were
varying from 1 to 5%, and different emulsified sets of fuel blend are prepared based
on HLB ratio ranging from 4.3 to 6. The current experiments were carried out on
VCR single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine operated under varying
load conditions 0–110% at constant operating speed (1500 rpm) with injection time
20° BTDC. Based upon the engine performance, combustion, and emission analysis
and then multiplying them with load factor, the best optimum emulsified fuel has
been selected. From the results emulsified fuel having 5% water concentration, HLB:
6 and 2% surfactant were found to be the best optimum emulsified blend.
Keywords C.I engine · Alternate fuel · Engine performance · Emission analysis ·
Emulsification · Dual bio-diesel
1 Introduction
In India, agriculture is one of the major sectors the farming incorporates mostly in the
GDP of India. One of the alternatives to diesel can be biofuel obtained from plants.
Biofuels can be used as an alternative in the existing CI engines fully or partially
in a blended form with diesel without modification resulting in less dependency on
foreign crude oil import, which increased the economic growth of the country. Among
all work done with biodiesel, it has been observed that it reduces exhaust emissions
S. Chourasia (B) · R. Patel · A. Lakdawala
Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad,
Gujarat 380015, India
e-mail: sajan1chourasia@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. K. Parwani et al. (eds.), Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure,
Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4176-0_24
285
Emulsified Fuel Based on Engine
Performance, Combustion and Emission
Analysis
Sajan Chourasia , Rajesh Patel , and Absar Lakdawala
Abstract The existence of water with inside biodiesel–diesel blended fuel in the
form of W/O emulsion drops the percentage of NO x and SD due to micro-explosion
phenomena. Considering this in mind in the current work, optimum blend of dual biodiesel with diesel blend (C15R15) has been selected directly based upon previous
work carried out on engine performance, combustion and emission of duel fuel
optimum percentage using MCDM technique. This optimum blend has been used
for the preparation of W/O emulsified fuel. In emulsified fuel, water percentages were
varying from 1 to 5%, and different emulsified sets of fuel blend are prepared based
on HLB ratio ranging from 4.3 to 6. The current experiments were carried out on
VCR single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine operated under varying
load conditions 0–110% at constant operating speed (1500 rpm) with injection time
20° BTDC. Based upon the engine performance, combustion, and emission analysis
and then multiplying them with load factor, the best optimum emulsified fuel has
been selected. From the results emulsified fuel having 5% water concentration, HLB:
6 and 2% surfactant were found to be the best optimum emulsified blend.
Keywords C.I engine · Alternate fuel · Engine performance · Emission analysis ·
Emulsification · Dual bio-diesel
1 Introduction
In India, agriculture is one of the major sectors the farming incorporates mostly in the
GDP of India. One of the alternatives to diesel can be biofuel obtained from plants.
Biofuels can be used as an alternative in the existing CI engines fully or partially
in a blended form with diesel without modification resulting in less dependency on
foreign crude oil import, which increased the economic growth of the country. Among
all work done with biodiesel, it has been observed that it reduces exhaust emissions
S. Chourasia (B) · R. Patel · A. Lakdawala
Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad,
Gujarat 380015, India
e-mail: sajan1chourasia@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. K. Parwani et al. (eds.), Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure,
Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4176-0_24
285