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R. Chaudhari et al.
and size after heating above a certain temperature even after their plastic deformation
in the cold state. In 1938, Greninger and Mooradian [3] found shape memory effect
in the composition of Cu–Zn and Cu–Sn. However, Kurdjumov and Khandros [4]
found thermoelastic effect of the martensitic phase in 1949. These inventions got
many scientists curious and interested in shape memory alloys, but they were not
used up to its potential because its abilities and applications were still not realized due
to its high manufacturing cost, material cost, and manufacturing complexity [5–7].
Along with nitinol, a number of SMAs were developed over the years. Nitinol became
a famous shape memory alloy owing to low production cost as compared to other
SMAs, safer and easier handling and superior mechanical properties. During the
1970s, many discoveries were done on how to use nitinol in biomedical applications.
However, nitinol got its commercial breakthrough in the 1990s. Shape memory alloys
found its application in various areas like air conditioning vents, electronic cable
connectors, valves, etc. Over the last decade, the applications are also spread to
aerospace, oil industries, automobile, and robotics. These smart materials possess
the main characteristic of superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME). In
addition to pseudoelasticity and SME, nitinol is considered as an ideal material for
biomedical applications owing to their properties like biocompatibility, corrosion
resistance, and wear resistance [8]. There are also studies being done on alloys that
show shape recovery effect in the persuade of the magnetic field.
In present work, a comprehensive review of recent work on applications of shape
memory alloys in different fields has been discussed.
2 Applications of Shape Memory Alloys
Exceptional properties of nitinol SMAs find its applications in fields of aerospace,
heating and ventilation, automation and control, chemical processing, safety and
security, electronics (MEMS devices), automotive, appliance, and robotics. Due to
the functional properties of nitinol SMAs, their biomedical application has proven
to be more successful by increasing the possibility as well as the performance of
minimally invasive surgeries. The combination of nickel-titanium SMA is highly
biocompatible which makes them useful as orthopedic implants, surgical instruments,
cardiovascular devices, and orthodontic devices.
2.1 Automotive Applications
As the demand for safe, comfort with better performance of the vehicle has increased
which in turn increases the demand for better operational sensors and actuators. It
has opened an opportunity for SMA actuators which can be an alternative to electromagnetic actuators in modern vehicles. Luchetti et al. [9] have implemented SMA
actuators in antiglare rear-view (EAGLE) mirror as shown in Fig. 1. The transforming
R. Chaudhari et al.
and size after heating above a certain temperature even after their plastic deformation
in the cold state. In 1938, Greninger and Mooradian [3] found shape memory effect
in the composition of Cu–Zn and Cu–Sn. However, Kurdjumov and Khandros [4]
found thermoelastic effect of the martensitic phase in 1949. These inventions got
many scientists curious and interested in shape memory alloys, but they were not
used up to its potential because its abilities and applications were still not realized due
to its high manufacturing cost, material cost, and manufacturing complexity [5–7].
Along with nitinol, a number of SMAs were developed over the years. Nitinol became
a famous shape memory alloy owing to low production cost as compared to other
SMAs, safer and easier handling and superior mechanical properties. During the
1970s, many discoveries were done on how to use nitinol in biomedical applications.
However, nitinol got its commercial breakthrough in the 1990s. Shape memory alloys
found its application in various areas like air conditioning vents, electronic cable
connectors, valves, etc. Over the last decade, the applications are also spread to
aerospace, oil industries, automobile, and robotics. These smart materials possess
the main characteristic of superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME). In
addition to pseudoelasticity and SME, nitinol is considered as an ideal material for
biomedical applications owing to their properties like biocompatibility, corrosion
resistance, and wear resistance [8]. There are also studies being done on alloys that
show shape recovery effect in the persuade of the magnetic field.
In present work, a comprehensive review of recent work on applications of shape
memory alloys in different fields has been discussed.
2 Applications of Shape Memory Alloys
Exceptional properties of nitinol SMAs find its applications in fields of aerospace,
heating and ventilation, automation and control, chemical processing, safety and
security, electronics (MEMS devices), automotive, appliance, and robotics. Due to
the functional properties of nitinol SMAs, their biomedical application has proven
to be more successful by increasing the possibility as well as the performance of
minimally invasive surgeries. The combination of nickel-titanium SMA is highly
biocompatible which makes them useful as orthopedic implants, surgical instruments,
cardiovascular devices, and orthodontic devices.
2.1 Automotive Applications
As the demand for safe, comfort with better performance of the vehicle has increased
which in turn increases the demand for better operational sensors and actuators. It
has opened an opportunity for SMA actuators which can be an alternative to electromagnetic actuators in modern vehicles. Luchetti et al. [9] have implemented SMA
actuators in antiglare rear-view (EAGLE) mirror as shown in Fig. 1. The transforming