Table E.3 (continued)
Material
Density q (kg/m
3
)
Young’s
modulus
4, 5
E (GPa)
Yield
strength
5
r y
(MPa)
Poisson’s
ratio m (1)
Titanium
4500
100–120
760–1000
0.33
Tungsten
1900
340–380
760
0.2
Wood, ⊥ to grain
480–720
0.6–1.0
30–50
–
Wood, || to grain
480–720
9–16
30–50
–
3
Ashby and Jones (1991), Gere and Timoshenko (1997), Callister (2003)
4
The shear modulus G is given by the other constants, G =
1
2 E/(1 + m)
5
In tension
6
In compression
Appendix E: Properties of Engineering Materials
497
Material
Density q (kg/m
3
)
Young’s
modulus
4, 5
E (GPa)
Yield
strength
5
r y
(MPa)
Poisson’s
ratio m (1)
Titanium
4500
100–120
760–1000
0.33
Tungsten
1900
340–380
760
0.2
Wood, ⊥ to grain
480–720
0.6–1.0
30–50
–
Wood, || to grain
480–720
9–16
30–50
–
3
Ashby and Jones (1991), Gere and Timoshenko (1997), Callister (2003)
4
The shear modulus G is given by the other constants, G =
1
2 E/(1 + m)
5
In tension
6
In compression
Appendix E: Properties of Engineering Materials
497