11
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
L. Lamberson et al. (eds.), Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, Conference Proceedings of the Society
for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59947-8_3
Chapter 3
Development of a Kolsky Bar Shaft- Loaded Blister Test
to Evaluate Dynamic Behavior of Adhesives
Shane Paulson, Chelsea Davis, and Wayne Chen
Abstract Adhesive joints are used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from epoxy-set structural anchors in concrete
buildings to providing the interface in layered armor plates in military vehicles. With this wide range of applications, adhesive joints experience the full range of strain rates as well, from long-duration creep conditions to high- velocity impact.
While research into the delamination behavior of layered materials is common at high strain rates, very little has been done
to link this research to the strength of adhesion and interfacial toughness of the constituent adhesive. Adhesion research is
common as well; however, few methods have been adapted to evaluate adhesion strength at high strain rates. In this study, a
traditional Kolsky bar was modified to employ the shaft- loaded blister technique to increase strain rates. Blister samples were
fabricated with an aluminum 6061 substrate and three different polymer coatings: Sylgard
®
184, SC-15 epoxy, and a TGDDM
epoxy cured with Jeffamine
®
D230. For each case, sample failure was induced at a quasi-static strain rate before using the
Kolsky bar apparatus to examine the failure behavior with an initial shaft velocity of ~5 m/s. The growth of the blister was
observed using a high-speed camera for the radial growth, and the height of the blister was determined by the crosshead
displacement at the quasi-static load rate and using the strain signals obtained using the Kolsky bar. This technique was successful in observing the adhesive fracture of three different polymers and comparing the failure behavior for the quasi-static
load case with that observed at a high strain rate.
Keywords Dynamic behavior · Adhesive · Interface · Fracture
3.1 Introduction
The use of adhesives has continually seen growth across a wide variety of industries from office supplies and home products
to high-performance materials in construction and composite manufacturing. With the continuing development of high-performance adhesives, layered material systems have also seen increased use in conventional sandwich panel construction as
well as laminated impact-resistant materials. Previous studies have shown that the delamination of these layered materials
leads to reduced structural integrity. This delamination behavior is well-studied in the quasi-static regime; however, this
problem is difficult to evaluate at increased loading rates.
As most adhesives are composed of polymeric materials, they will each have a degree of viscoelastic behavior. This viscoelastic effect will not only affect the strength of the adhesive itself but also how an applied load will travel to and across
an interface. For composite sandwich panels, this is a critical topic to study, as blast loads have been shown to induce layer
delamination [1, 2]. In addition, those panels which have suffered delamination show reduced strength under typical loading
S. Paulson (*)
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
e-mail: paulsons@purdue.edu
C. Davis
Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
e-mail: chelsea@purdue.edu
W. Chen
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
e-mail: wchen@purdue.edu
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
L. Lamberson et al. (eds.), Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, Conference Proceedings of the Society
for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59947-8_3
Chapter 3
Development of a Kolsky Bar Shaft- Loaded Blister Test
to Evaluate Dynamic Behavior of Adhesives
Shane Paulson, Chelsea Davis, and Wayne Chen
Abstract Adhesive joints are used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from epoxy-set structural anchors in concrete
buildings to providing the interface in layered armor plates in military vehicles. With this wide range of applications, adhesive joints experience the full range of strain rates as well, from long-duration creep conditions to high- velocity impact.
While research into the delamination behavior of layered materials is common at high strain rates, very little has been done
to link this research to the strength of adhesion and interfacial toughness of the constituent adhesive. Adhesion research is
common as well; however, few methods have been adapted to evaluate adhesion strength at high strain rates. In this study, a
traditional Kolsky bar was modified to employ the shaft- loaded blister technique to increase strain rates. Blister samples were
fabricated with an aluminum 6061 substrate and three different polymer coatings: Sylgard
®
184, SC-15 epoxy, and a TGDDM
epoxy cured with Jeffamine
®
D230. For each case, sample failure was induced at a quasi-static strain rate before using the
Kolsky bar apparatus to examine the failure behavior with an initial shaft velocity of ~5 m/s. The growth of the blister was
observed using a high-speed camera for the radial growth, and the height of the blister was determined by the crosshead
displacement at the quasi-static load rate and using the strain signals obtained using the Kolsky bar. This technique was successful in observing the adhesive fracture of three different polymers and comparing the failure behavior for the quasi-static
load case with that observed at a high strain rate.
Keywords Dynamic behavior · Adhesive · Interface · Fracture
3.1 Introduction
The use of adhesives has continually seen growth across a wide variety of industries from office supplies and home products
to high-performance materials in construction and composite manufacturing. With the continuing development of high-performance adhesives, layered material systems have also seen increased use in conventional sandwich panel construction as
well as laminated impact-resistant materials. Previous studies have shown that the delamination of these layered materials
leads to reduced structural integrity. This delamination behavior is well-studied in the quasi-static regime; however, this
problem is difficult to evaluate at increased loading rates.
As most adhesives are composed of polymeric materials, they will each have a degree of viscoelastic behavior. This viscoelastic effect will not only affect the strength of the adhesive itself but also how an applied load will travel to and across
an interface. For composite sandwich panels, this is a critical topic to study, as blast loads have been shown to induce layer
delamination [1, 2]. In addition, those panels which have suffered delamination show reduced strength under typical loading
S. Paulson (*)
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
e-mail: paulsons@purdue.edu
C. Davis
Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
e-mail: chelsea@purdue.edu
W. Chen
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
e-mail: wchen@purdue.edu